Energy Expenditure in Humans: Principles, Methods, and Changes Throughout the Life Course.

IF 12.6 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Annual review of nutrition Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-12 DOI:10.1146/annurev-nutr-062122-031443
Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo, Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, Eric Ravussin
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Abstract

Humans require energy to sustain their daily activities throughout their lives. This narrative review aims to (a) summarize principles and methods for studying human energy expenditure, (b) discuss the main determinants of energy expenditure, and (c) discuss the changes in energy expenditure throughout the human life course. Total daily energy expenditure is mainly composed of resting energy expenditure, physical activity energy expenditure, and the thermic effect of food. Total daily energy expenditure and its components are estimated using variations of the indirect calorimetry method. The relative contributions of organs and tissues determine the energy expenditure under different physiological conditions. Evidence shows that energy expenditure varies along the human life course, at least in part due to changes in body composition, the mass and specific metabolic rates of organs and tissues, and levels of physical activity. This information is crucial to estimate human energy requirements for maintaining health throughout the life course.

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人类的能量消耗:人体能量消耗:原理、方法和整个生命过程中的变化》。
人的一生都需要能量来维持日常活动。本综述旨在(a)总结研究人类能量消耗的原则和方法,(b)讨论决定能量消耗的主要因素,以及(c)讨论人类一生中能量消耗的变化。每日总能量消耗主要由静息能量消耗、体力活动能量消耗和食物的热效应组成。每天的总能量消耗及其组成部分是通过不同的间接热量测定法估算出来的。器官和组织的相对贡献决定了不同生理条件下的能量消耗。有证据表明,能量消耗在人的一生中会发生变化,至少部分原因是身体成分、器官和组织的质量和特定代谢率以及体力活动水平发生了变化。这些信息对于估算人在一生中保持健康所需的能量至关重要。
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来源期刊
Annual review of nutrition
Annual review of nutrition 医学-营养学
CiteScore
15.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
19
期刊介绍: Annual Review of Nutrition Publication History:In publication since 1981 Scope:Covers significant developments in the field of nutrition Topics Covered Include: Energy metabolism; Carbohydrates; Lipids; Proteins and amino acids; Vitamins; Minerals; Nutrient transport and function; Metabolic regulation; Nutritional genomics; Molecular and cell biology; Clinical nutrition; Comparative nutrition; Nutritional anthropology; Nutritional toxicology; Nutritional microbiology; Epidemiology; Public health nutrition
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