Top-down effects of intraspeciflic predator behavioral variation.

IF 2.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Oecologia Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-24 DOI:10.1007/s00442-024-05564-5
James L L Lichtenstein, Brendan L McEwen, Skylar D Primavera, Thomas Lenihan, Zoe M Wood, Walter P Carson, Raul Costa-Pereira
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Abstract

Among-individual variation in predator traits is ubiquitous in nature. However, variation among populations in this trait variation has been seldom considered in trophic dynamics. This has left unexplored (a) to what degree does among-individual variation in predator traits regulate prey populations and (b) to what degree do these effects vary spatially. We address these questions by examining how predator among-individual variation in functional traits shapes communities across habitats of varying structural complexity, in field conditions. We manipulated Chinese mantis (Tenodera sinensis) density (six or twelve individuals) and behavioral trait variability (activity level by movement on an open field) in experimental patches of old fields with varying habitat complexity (density of plant material). Then, we quantified their impacts on lower trophic levels, specifically prey (arthropods > 4 mm) and plant biomass. Predator behavioral variability only altered prey biomass in structurally complex plots, and this effect depended on mantis density. In the plots with the highest habitat complexity and mantis density, behaviorally variable groups decreased prey biomass by 40.3%. In complex plots with low mantis densities, low levels of behavioral variability decreased prey biomass by 32.2%. Behavioral variability and low habitat complexity also changed prey community composition, namely by increasing ant biomass by 881%. Our results demonstrate that among-individual trait variation can shape species-rich prey communities. Moreover, these effects depend on both predator density and habitat complexity. Incorporating this important facet of ecological diversity revealed normally unnoticed effects of functional traits on the structure and function of food webs.

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物种内部捕食者行为变异的自上而下效应
捕食者性状的个体间差异在自然界中无处不在。然而,在营养动力学中却很少考虑种群间这种性状变异的变化。这就使得(a)捕食者性状的个体差异在多大程度上调节了猎物种群;(b)这些影响在多大程度上存在空间差异。为了解决这些问题,我们在野外条件下研究了捕食者个体间功能特征的差异如何在不同结构复杂度的生境中塑造群落。我们在具有不同栖息地复杂性(植物材料密度)的老田实验斑块中操纵了中华螳螂(Tenodera sinensis)的密度(6 或 12 个个体)和行为特征变异性(在空地上移动的活动水平)。然后,我们量化了它们对低营养级的影响,特别是对猎物(节肢动物 > 4 毫米)和植物生物量的影响。捕食者行为的多变性只改变了结构复杂的地块中的猎物生物量,这种影响取决于螳螂的密度。在栖息地复杂程度和螳螂密度最高的地块中,行为多变的捕食者群体使猎物生物量减少了40.3%。在螳螂密度较低的复杂地块中,低水平的行为可变性使猎物生物量减少了32.2%。行为多变性和低栖息地复杂性也改变了猎物群落组成,即蚂蚁生物量增加了881%。我们的研究结果表明,个体间的性状变异可以塑造物种丰富的猎物群落。此外,这些影响还取决于捕食者密度和栖息地的复杂性。纳入生态多样性的这一重要方面揭示了功能特征对食物网结构和功能的影响,而这些影响通常不为人们所注意。
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来源期刊
Oecologia
Oecologia 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
192
审稿时长
5.3 months
期刊介绍: Oecologia publishes innovative ecological research of international interest. We seek reviews, advances in methodology, and original contributions, emphasizing the following areas: Population ecology, Plant-microbe-animal interactions, Ecosystem ecology, Community ecology, Global change ecology, Conservation ecology, Behavioral ecology and Physiological Ecology. In general, studies that are purely descriptive, mathematical, documentary, and/or natural history will not be considered.
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