Urbanization-induced simplification of isotopic space in birds from a big Neotropical city.

Abstract

Among the many changes associated with the urbanization process, changes in resource availability can directly impact local wildlife populations. Urban areas suppress native vegetation and convert natural environments into impervious surfaces, modifying the composition and quantity of available food resources. Understanding the food requirements of species is crucial, mainly because it is one of the main elements that characterize their ecological niche and structure local communities. Our aim in this study was to assess the impact of urbanization intensity on the isotopic niche space of birds commonly found in urban areas of Brasília, the capital of Brazil, a big city in central Brazil with approximately 3 million inhabitants. By analyzing the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N isotopic metrics of feathers from bird species found along a gradient of urbanization intensity, we evidenced a simplification but not a displacement of the bird assembly isotopic space due to urban intensification. Bird assemblage access similar food resources in the higher urban intensification areas, although less diversified than in lower urban intensification areas. In most cases, the response to urban intensification is more specific than convergent among guild members. The studied species maintain themselves in highly intensified urban areas by restricting, changing, and expanding their access to resources. The trophic dimension is one of the key components of the species' ecological niche, and understanding the urban intensification impacts on this dimension is essential for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services in cities.