Features of career trajectories of graduates of Altai universities (using the example of a sociological study in Barnaul)

A. Akhmedova, Tat'yana Viktorovna Chukanova, Mariya Aleksandrovna Lyubarskaya, Bogdan Aleksandrovich Prohorov, Denis Ivanovich Gomonov, Elizaveta Aleksandrovna Kolegaeva
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Abstract

Special attention was paid to the employment of graduates of higher educational institutions in Soviet times, when planned state policy distributed graduates to various state-owned enterprises depending on the education they received. It is important to note that on the periphery of the centuries there has been some shift in the idea of a career. If earlier a career was understood as moving up the career ladder, today a career is planned as mastering a variety of practices that complement and develop a person (self-development, a high level of extracurricular, additional activities). Thus, a logical question arises: how do graduates imagine their future careers and whether they think about it at all. How aware are graduates of their employment opportunities in principle and does the university contribute to students' awareness of careers and career opportunities.  The selection method was a quota sample with elements of spontaneous selection of respondents. We selected two methods for the study: qualitative (in-depth interview) and quantitative (questionnaire). Together, these methods give the researcher the most accurate idea of the subject under study. Thus, the tools for conducting empirical sociological research were developed based on this methodology. Data analysis has shown that a well-chosen profession increases self-confidence, life satisfaction, and reduces problems related to physical and mental health. And the personal level of "quality of life", responsible for satisfaction, has a significant impact on social, objective indicators of quality of life. Theoretical approaches are analyzed to describe the formation and content of graduates' career trajectories. The psychological approach focuses on the study of self-perception, self-regulation of consciousness, and the process of choice. Pedagogical is based on the formation of certain professional interests and inclinations, the suitability of an individual for a particular profession. Sociologists and economists consider the career trajectories of graduates from the point of view of the need for this profession in society and taking into account the socio-economic relations of the specialized workforce within the organization. In this context, the scheme of professional specialization, types of career guidance and career growth, all kinds of careers of an employee and a graduate are considered. Personality-oriented, sociological, managerial-organizational, biomedical, pedagogical, legal regulation, complex (differentiated) approaches to career guidance are disclosed.
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阿尔泰大学毕业生的职业轨迹特点(以巴尔瑙尔的社会学研究为例)
前苏联时期特别关注高等院校毕业生的就业问题,当时有计划的国家政策根据毕业生所受的教育将他们分配到不同的国有企业。值得注意的是,在这几个世纪的外围,职业生涯的概念发生了一些变化。如果说早期的职业生涯被理解为沿着职业阶梯向上发展,那么今天的职业生涯则被规划为掌握各种补充和发展个人的做法(自我发展、高水平的课外活动、额外活动)。因此,一个合乎逻辑的问题出现了:毕业生如何想象自己未来的职业,他们是否考虑过这个问题。毕业生对自己的就业机会原则上有多大的认识,大学是否促进了学生对职业和就业机会的认识。 选择方法是配额抽样,其中也有自发选择受访者的成分。我们选择了两种研究方法:定性(深度访谈)和定量(问卷调查)。这两种方法结合在一起,能让研究人员最准确地了解所研究的对象。因此,开展实证社会学研究的工具就是根据这种方法开发的。数据分析显示,选择一个好的职业可以增强自信心,提高生活满意度,减少与身心健康有关的问题。而负责满意度的个人 "生活质量 "水平对生活质量的社会客观指标有重大影响。对描述毕业生职业生涯轨迹的形成和内容的理论方法进行了分析。心理学方法侧重于研究自我认知、自我调节意识和选择过程。教育学的基础是某些职业兴趣和倾向的形成,以及个人是否适合某一特定职业。社会学家和经济学家从社会对该专业的需求角度出发,并考虑到组织内专业劳动力的社会经济关系,来研究毕业生的职业发展轨迹。在这种情况下,职业专业化计划、职业指导和职业发展的类型、雇员和毕业生的各种职业生涯都被考虑在内。职业指导的个性导向、社会学、管理-组织、生物医学、教育学、法律规范、复杂(差异化)方法等均有披露。
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