{"title":"Structure of tropical cyclones in the southeast Iran using satellite observations","authors":"Elham Ghasemifar , Somayeh Naserpour , Zahra Sonboli","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106308","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The southeast Iran is exposed to flash floods from tropical cyclones originating in the North Indian Ocean. During late May–September of the period 2007–2022, 11 cyclones hit this region. Although the theoretical basis of these cyclones is well documented in the literature, their physical structure in terms of rain rate, rain type, warm rain, cloudiness, and aerosol distribution is not yet documented. In this study, the structure of 11 cyclones was investigated by the radar (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) and CloudSat), lidar (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite (CALIPSO)), and optic (Aqua) satellite data and ERA5 reanalysis datasets. The results show that the maximum moisture transport and upward motion are located in the southeast quadrant. As a result, the maximum total rain rate, the stratiform and the convective rain rate fall in this quadrant. The distribution of the rain rate is consistent with the distribution of the storm top height. The southeast quadrant followed by the northeast receives the least warm rain. Moreover, the southeast quadrant also recorded the highest frequency of convective clouds. The maximum aerosol optical depth is located in the southern quadrants, particularly in the southwest and is consistent up to 5 km, after which the maximum shifts to the northwest. The obtained results can help decision makers within the hydrological and risk management industries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 106308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364682624001366","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The southeast Iran is exposed to flash floods from tropical cyclones originating in the North Indian Ocean. During late May–September of the period 2007–2022, 11 cyclones hit this region. Although the theoretical basis of these cyclones is well documented in the literature, their physical structure in terms of rain rate, rain type, warm rain, cloudiness, and aerosol distribution is not yet documented. In this study, the structure of 11 cyclones was investigated by the radar (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) and CloudSat), lidar (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite (CALIPSO)), and optic (Aqua) satellite data and ERA5 reanalysis datasets. The results show that the maximum moisture transport and upward motion are located in the southeast quadrant. As a result, the maximum total rain rate, the stratiform and the convective rain rate fall in this quadrant. The distribution of the rain rate is consistent with the distribution of the storm top height. The southeast quadrant followed by the northeast receives the least warm rain. Moreover, the southeast quadrant also recorded the highest frequency of convective clouds. The maximum aerosol optical depth is located in the southern quadrants, particularly in the southwest and is consistent up to 5 km, after which the maximum shifts to the northwest. The obtained results can help decision makers within the hydrological and risk management industries.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics (JASTP) is an international journal concerned with the inter-disciplinary science of the Earth''s atmospheric and space environment, especially the highly varied and highly variable physical phenomena that occur in this natural laboratory and the processes that couple them.
The journal covers the physical processes operating in the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, the Sun, interplanetary medium, and heliosphere. Phenomena occurring in other "spheres", solar influences on climate, and supporting laboratory measurements are also considered. The journal deals especially with the coupling between the different regions.
Solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and other energetic events on the Sun create interesting and important perturbations in the near-Earth space environment. The physics of such "space weather" is central to the Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics and the journal welcomes papers that lead in the direction of a predictive understanding of the coupled system. Regarding the upper atmosphere, the subjects of aeronomy, geomagnetism and geoelectricity, auroral phenomena, radio wave propagation, and plasma instabilities, are examples within the broad field of solar-terrestrial physics which emphasise the energy exchange between the solar wind, the magnetospheric and ionospheric plasmas, and the neutral gas. In the lower atmosphere, topics covered range from mesoscale to global scale dynamics, to atmospheric electricity, lightning and its effects, and to anthropogenic changes.
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