Highly Biocompatible Graphite Electrodes by Using Interface‐Stable Coating and the Application to Hemodialysis

IF 6.4 3区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Advanced Materials Technologies Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI:10.1002/admt.202400305
Xinkai Xu, Yi Xu, Haitao Guo, Zanxin Zhou, Wenjie Hu, Leilei Wang, Shuang Li, Shugang Wang, Xu Zheng, Qi Gu, Yuan Xia, Jingqiang Cui, Guosheng Wang, Yewang Su
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Abstract

In the treatment of kidney diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN), prolonged contact between conductivity sensors and patients' bodily fluids is required, necessitating high biocompatibility for the electrodes. However, the widely used graphite electrodes exhibit limited biocompatibility, showing a cell survival rate of only 88% under indirect contact conditions, and <56% under direct contact conditions. Here, the surface detachment of graphite electrodes in liquid environments leading to cell death upon contact is observed and a solution is proposed to enhance biocompatibility and ensure conductivity, by forming a layer of interface‐stable coating (ISC) as a conductive isolation membrane on their surface. For applications with contact requirements, graphite‐like carbon (GLC) coated graphite electrodes are investigated and developed, resulting in an exceptional cell survival rate exceeding 96% under indirect contact conditions, and a relatively high survival rate exceeding 91% under direct contact conditions, both accompanied by significant proliferation. GLC‐coated graphite electrodes are successfully to monitor the dialysate conductivity in a hemodialysis machine and achieve stable monitoring with temperature compensation. The results demonstrate ISC graphite electrodes' potential in biomedical fluid monitoring, with the developed process applicable to other fields.

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使用界面稳定涂层的高生物相容性石墨电极及其在血液透析中的应用
在治疗慢性肾脏病(CKD)和急性肾小管坏死(ATN)等肾脏疾病时,电导传感器需要与患者的体液长时间接触,这就要求电极具有很高的生物相容性。然而,广泛使用的石墨电极显示出有限的生物相容性,在间接接触条件下细胞存活率仅为 88%,而在直接接触条件下则小于 56%。这里观察到了石墨电极在液体环境中的表面脱落现象,从而导致细胞在接触时死亡,并提出了一种解决方案,即在石墨电极表面形成一层界面稳定涂层(ISC)作为导电隔离膜,以增强生物相容性并确保导电性。针对有接触要求的应用,研究并开发了石墨类碳(GLC)涂层石墨电极,在间接接触条件下,细胞存活率超过 96%,在直接接触条件下,细胞存活率相对较高,超过 91%,同时还伴有显著的增殖。GLC 涂层石墨电极成功地监测了血液透析机中透析液的电导率,并实现了带温度补偿的稳定监测。这些结果证明了 ISC 石墨电极在生物医学液体监测方面的潜力,所开发的工艺也适用于其他领域。
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来源期刊
Advanced Materials Technologies
Advanced Materials Technologies Materials Science-General Materials Science
CiteScore
10.20
自引率
4.40%
发文量
566
期刊介绍: Advanced Materials Technologies Advanced Materials Technologies is the new home for all technology-related materials applications research, with particular focus on advanced device design, fabrication and integration, as well as new technologies based on novel materials. It bridges the gap between fundamental laboratory research and industry.
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