{"title":"Highly Biocompatible Graphite Electrodes by Using Interface‐Stable Coating and the Application to Hemodialysis","authors":"Xinkai Xu, Yi Xu, Haitao Guo, Zanxin Zhou, Wenjie Hu, Leilei Wang, Shuang Li, Shugang Wang, Xu Zheng, Qi Gu, Yuan Xia, Jingqiang Cui, Guosheng Wang, Yewang Su","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400305","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"In the treatment of kidney diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN), prolonged contact between conductivity sensors and patients' bodily fluids is required, necessitating high biocompatibility for the electrodes. However, the widely used graphite electrodes exhibit limited biocompatibility, showing a cell survival rate of only 88% under indirect contact conditions, and <56% under direct contact conditions. Here, the surface detachment of graphite electrodes in liquid environments leading to cell death upon contact is observed and a solution is proposed to enhance biocompatibility and ensure conductivity, by forming a layer of interface‐stable coating (ISC) as a conductive isolation membrane on their surface. For applications with contact requirements, graphite‐like carbon (GLC) coated graphite electrodes are investigated and developed, resulting in an exceptional cell survival rate exceeding 96% under indirect contact conditions, and a relatively high survival rate exceeding 91% under direct contact conditions, both accompanied by significant proliferation. GLC‐coated graphite electrodes are successfully to monitor the dialysate conductivity in a hemodialysis machine and achieve stable monitoring with temperature compensation. The results demonstrate ISC graphite electrodes' potential in biomedical fluid monitoring, with the developed process applicable to other fields.","PeriodicalId":7292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Advanced Materials Technologies","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400305","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In the treatment of kidney diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN), prolonged contact between conductivity sensors and patients' bodily fluids is required, necessitating high biocompatibility for the electrodes. However, the widely used graphite electrodes exhibit limited biocompatibility, showing a cell survival rate of only 88% under indirect contact conditions, and <56% under direct contact conditions. Here, the surface detachment of graphite electrodes in liquid environments leading to cell death upon contact is observed and a solution is proposed to enhance biocompatibility and ensure conductivity, by forming a layer of interface‐stable coating (ISC) as a conductive isolation membrane on their surface. For applications with contact requirements, graphite‐like carbon (GLC) coated graphite electrodes are investigated and developed, resulting in an exceptional cell survival rate exceeding 96% under indirect contact conditions, and a relatively high survival rate exceeding 91% under direct contact conditions, both accompanied by significant proliferation. GLC‐coated graphite electrodes are successfully to monitor the dialysate conductivity in a hemodialysis machine and achieve stable monitoring with temperature compensation. The results demonstrate ISC graphite electrodes' potential in biomedical fluid monitoring, with the developed process applicable to other fields.
期刊介绍:
Advanced Materials Technologies Advanced Materials Technologies is the new home for all technology-related materials applications research, with particular focus on advanced device design, fabrication and integration, as well as new technologies based on novel materials. It bridges the gap between fundamental laboratory research and industry.