Nitro fatty acids: A comprehensive review on analytical methods and levels in health and disease

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Analytical biochemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI:10.1016/j.ab.2024.115624

Yasmin Elshoura , Magy Herz , Mohamed Z. Gad , Rasha Hanafi

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Abstract

Nitro fatty acids (NO₂–FAs) are biologically active compounds produced from the reaction of unsaturated fatty acids with reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Due to their electrophilic nature, these endogenously produced metabolites can react with nucleophilic targets, producing a spectrum of modulatory and protective effects. Determination of NO₂–FAs in biological samples is challenging due to their low nanomolar to picomolar endogenous concentrations, indistinct metabolism, and distribution in many tissues and biofluids. Several attempts have been made to develop precise, standardized, and efficient methodologies for assessing physiological and pathophysiological processes to overcome the difficulties associated with their measurement. This review discusses those approaches utilizing liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC‒MS/MS) for the quantification of NO₂–FAs, in addition to a summary of their laboratory synthesis and extraction from biological samples. Clinical associations with different pathological conditions, including hyperlipidaemia, cardiac ischemia and herpes simplex type 2 viral infection (HSV-2), are also discussed.

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硝基脂肪酸：关于健康和疾病中的分析方法和水平的全面综述。

硝基脂肪酸（NO2-FAs）是不饱和脂肪酸与活性氮物种（RNS）反应产生的具有生物活性的化合物。由于其亲电性，这些内源性代谢物可与亲核目标发生反应，产生一系列调节和保护作用。由于 NO2-FAs 的内源性浓度较低，从纳摩尔到皮摩尔不等，其代谢过程不明确，而且分布在许多组织和生物液体中，因此生物样本中 NO2-FAs 的测定具有挑战性。为了克服测量中遇到的困难，人们尝试开发精确、标准化和高效的方法来评估生理和病理生理过程。本综述讨论了利用液相色谱串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）和气相色谱串联质谱法（GC-MS/MS）定量检测 NO2-FAs 的方法，并概述了实验室合成 NO2-FAs 和从生物样本中提取 NO2-FAs 的方法。此外，还讨论了与高脂血症、心脏缺血和单纯疱疹 2 型病毒感染（HSV-2）等不同病理情况的临床关联。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Analytical biochemistry 生物-分析化学

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

283

审稿时长

44 days

期刊介绍： The journal''s title Analytical Biochemistry: Methods in the Biological Sciences declares its broad scope: methods for the basic biological sciences that include biochemistry, molecular genetics, cell biology, proteomics, immunology, bioinformatics and wherever the frontiers of research take the field. The emphasis is on methods from the strictly analytical to the more preparative that would include novel approaches to protein purification as well as improvements in cell and organ culture. The actual techniques are equally inclusive ranging from aptamers to zymology. The journal has been particularly active in: -Analytical techniques for biological molecules- Aptamer selection and utilization- Biosensors- Chromatography- Cloning, sequencing and mutagenesis- Electrochemical methods- Electrophoresis- Enzyme characterization methods- Immunological approaches- Mass spectrometry of proteins and nucleic acids- Metabolomics- Nano level techniques- Optical spectroscopy in all its forms. The journal is reluctant to include most drug and strictly clinical studies as there are more suitable publication platforms for these types of papers.