Flame retardant and mechanically enhanced polyacrylonitrile fibers prepared by amination and phosphorylation

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110942

Li Wang , Chunlong Zuo , Wei Tan , Lina Jiang , Xizhi Chen , Yuanlin Ren , Xiaohui Liu

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Abstract

To improve the flame retardancy of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, PAN fibers were firstly modified through amination with diethylenetriamine (DETA) to obtain ammoniated PAN fibers (A-PAN). Then, A-PAN underwent phosphorylation modification via phosphorus-containing flame retardant, i.e., tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS) to fabricate flame retardant PAN fibers (THPS-A-PAN). XPS and FTIR confirmed the covalent bonding of DETA and THPS with PAN fibers. TGA showed improved thermal stability, particularly in increased char residue at high temperatures. The modified PAN fibers exhibited enhanced flame retardancy in vertical burning tests and MCC analysis, with LOI values increasing from 17% to 32.5% and maintaining at 26.5% after 30 laundering cycles (LCs). Fire safety parameters such as heat release capacity (HRC), total heat release (THR), and the fire growth index (FGI) decreased by 51.5%, 46.9%, and 41.9%, respectively. In addition, the tensile strength and elongation at break of THPS-A-PAN increased from 2.69 cN/dtex and 28.6% to 3.08 cN/dtex and 30.1% respectively, indicating enhanced mechanical properties. This work develops a feasible strategy to improve the flame retardancy of PAN fibers while endowing them with reinforced mechanical properties, which provides a possible research direction for the practical application of flame retardant PAN fibers.

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通过胺化和磷酸化制备阻燃和机械性能增强型聚丙烯腈纤维

为了提高聚丙烯腈（PAN）纤维的阻燃性，首先用二乙烯三胺（DETA）对 PAN 纤维进行胺化改性，得到氨化 PAN 纤维（A-PAN）。然后，A-PAN 通过含磷阻燃剂，即四（羟甲基）硫酸磷（THPS）进行磷化改性，制成阻燃 PAN 纤维（THPS-A-PAN）。XPS 和 FTIR 证实了 DETA 和 THPS 与 PAN 纤维的共价键合。TGA 显示热稳定性有所改善，尤其是高温下的残炭量有所增加。在垂直燃烧试验和 MCC 分析中，改性 PAN 纤维显示出更强的阻燃性，LOI 值从 17% 增加到 32.5%，并在 30 个洗涤周期（LC）后保持在 26.5%。热释放能力（HRC）、总热释放量（THR）和火生长指数（FGI）等防火安全参数分别降低了 51.5%、46.9% 和 41.9%。此外，THPS-A-PAN 的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别从 2.69 cN/dtex 和 28.6% 提高到 3.08 cN/dtex 和 30.1%，表明其机械性能得到了增强。这项研究为提高 PAN 纤维的阻燃性能，同时增强其机械性能提供了可行的策略，为阻燃 PAN 纤维的实际应用提供了可能的研究方向。

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来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.