Candidate Antigens and the Development of Helicobacter pylori Vaccines

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Helicobacter Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI:10.1111/hel.13128

Zhanhua Zhang, Man Cui, Xiaohui Ji, Guimin Su, Yi-Xuan Zhang, Lin Du

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Abstract

Background

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) mostly occurs during childhood, and persistent infection may lead to severe gastric diseases and even gastric cancer. Currently, the primary method for eradicating Hp is through antibiotic treatment. However, the increasing multidrug resistance in Hp strains has diminished the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments. Vaccination could potentially serve as an effective intervention to resolve this issue.

Aims

Through extensive research and analysis of the vital protein characteristics involved in Hp infection, we aim to provide references for subsequent vaccine antigen selection. Additionally, we summarize the current research and development of Hp vaccines in order to provide assistance for future research.

Materials and Methods

Utilizing the databases PubMed and the Web of Science, a comprehensive search was conducted to compile articles pertaining to Hp antigens and vaccines. The salient aspects of these articles were then summarized to provide a detailed overview of the current research landscape in this field.

Results

Several potential antigens have been identified and introduced through a thorough understanding of the infection process and pathogenic mechanisms of Hp. The conserved and widely distributed candidate antigens in Hp, such as UreB, HpaA, GGT, and NAP, are discussed. Proteins such as CagA and VacA, which have significant virulence effects but relatively poor conservatism, require further evaluation. Emerging antigens like HtrA and dupA have significant research value. In addition, vaccines based on these candidate antigens have been compiled and summarized.

Conclusions

Vaccines are a promising method for preventing and treating Hp. While some Hp vaccines have achieved promising results, mature products are not yet available on the market. Great efforts have been directed toward developing various types of vaccines, underscoring the need for developers to select appropriate antigens and vaccine formulations to improve success rates.

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候选抗原和幽门螺旋杆菌疫苗的开发。

背景：幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染大多发生在儿童时期，持续感染可能导致严重的胃病，甚至胃癌。目前，根除 Hp 的主要方法是通过抗生素治疗。然而，由于 Hp 菌株对多种药物的耐药性不断增强，抗生素治疗的效果大打折扣。目的：通过广泛研究和分析参与 Hp 感染的重要蛋白质特征，我们旨在为后续疫苗抗原的选择提供参考。此外，我们还总结了当前 Hp 疫苗的研究和开发情况，以便为未来的研究提供帮助：我们利用 PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库进行了全面搜索，汇编了有关 Hp 抗原和疫苗的文章。然后对这些文章的主要内容进行了总结，以提供该领域当前研究状况的详细概述：通过对 Hp 感染过程和致病机制的深入了解，发现并引入了几种潜在的抗原。本文讨论了 Hp 中保守且分布广泛的候选抗原，如 UreB、HpaA、GGT 和 NAP。CagA和VacA等蛋白质具有显著的毒力作用，但保守性相对较差，需要进一步评估。HtrA 和 dupA 等新出现的抗原具有重要的研究价值。此外，还对基于这些候选抗原的疫苗进行了整理和总结：疫苗是一种很有前景的预防和治疗甲型肝炎的方法。虽然一些甲型肝炎疫苗取得了可喜的成果，但成熟的产品尚未上市。人们已在开发各种类型的疫苗方面付出了巨大努力，这也说明开发人员需要选择合适的抗原和疫苗配方来提高成功率。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Helicobacter 医学-微生物学

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

9.10%

发文量

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Helicobacter is edited by Professor David Y Graham. The editorial and peer review process is an independent process. Whenever there is a conflict of interest, the editor and editorial board will declare their interests and affiliations. Helicobacter recognises the critical role that has been established for Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and primary gastric lymphoma. As new helicobacter species are now regularly being discovered, Helicobacter covers the entire range of helicobacter research, increasing communication among the fields of gastroenterology; microbiology; vaccine development; laboratory animal science.