Impact of straw-biochar amendments on microbial activity and soil carbon dynamics in wheat-maize system

IF 6.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE Soil & Tillage Research Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI:10.1016/j.still.2024.106284
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Abstract

Biochar is a promising carbon sequestration strategy, however, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of microbial-derived carbon (M-C) and plant-derived carbon (P-C) in soil organic carbon (SOC) formation and stabilisation remain elusive, constraining accurate predictions of the organic carbon pool. This study examined the soil biotic and abiotic factors that influence the plant and microbial biomarkers in SOC accumulation. A 5-year field experiment was conducted in a temperate wheat-maize agroecosystem in north-western China, with three treatments: (i) no straw incorporation (C), (ii) straw incorporation (S), and (iii) straw incorporation + biochar (SB). The results showed that M-C reached the microbial carrying capacity gradually, whereas P-C was selectively and continuously accumulated, displaying a complementary S-curve pattern. Straw incorporation increased SOC, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents, which stimulated microbial richness and enzyme activities, resulting in a 29.1 % and 25.5 % increase in M-C and P-C in SOC, respectively. The stimulated SOC mineralisation (26.2 %) led to significantly lower SOC content in S compared to the SB practice. Biochar combined with straw decreased DOC content (18.5 %) in comparison with straw incorporation, which suppressed microbial and enzyme activities, particularly in Actinobacteriota (12.3 %) and β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (24.2 %). It resulted in a 10.9 % and 14.3 % increase in M-C and fungal-to-bacterial necromass carbon ratio (F/B), respectively, while decreasing P-C by 9.6 % over the 5 years. Overall, straw incorporation with biochar effectively enhanced M-C in SOC and reduced SOC mineralisation, suggesting its potential to augment the quantity and stability of SOC pools and mitigate global climate change.

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秸秆生物炭添加剂对小麦-玉米系统中微生物活动和土壤碳动态的影响
生物炭是一种前景广阔的固碳策略,然而,在土壤有机碳(SOC)的形成和稳定过程中,微生物源碳(M-C)和植物源碳(P-C)的调节机制仍然难以捉摸,制约了对有机碳库的准确预测。本研究考察了影响 SOC 积累的植物和微生物生物标志物的土壤生物和非生物因素。该研究在中国西北部的温带小麦-玉米农业生态系统中进行了为期 5 年的田间试验,共设三种处理:(i) 不掺入秸秆(C);(ii) 掺入秸秆(S);(iii) 掺入秸秆+生物炭(SB)。结果表明,M-C 逐渐达到微生物的承载能力,而 P-C 则选择性地持续积累,呈现出互补的 S 曲线模式。秸秆掺入增加了 SOC、微生物生物量碳 (MBC) 和溶解有机碳 (DOC) 的含量,刺激了微生物的丰富度和酶活性,使 SOC 中的 M-C 和 P-C 分别增加了 29.1% 和 25.5%。受刺激的 SOC 矿化(26.2%)导致 SOC 中的 SOC 含量明显低于 SB 实践。生物炭与秸秆的结合降低了 DOC 含量(18.5%),抑制了微生物和酶的活性,尤其是放线菌(12.3%)和 β-N-乙酰-氨基葡萄糖酶(24.2%)。在 5 年的时间里,秸秆中的 M-C 和真菌-细菌坏死碳比率(F/B)分别增加了 10.9 % 和 14.3 %,而 P-C 则减少了 9.6 %。总之,秸秆与生物炭的结合有效提高了 SOC 中的 M-C,减少了 SOC 矿化,这表明生物炭具有增加 SOC 池的数量和稳定性以及减缓全球气候变化的潜力。
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来源期刊
Soil & Tillage Research
Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
13.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
266
审稿时长
5 months
期刊介绍: Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.
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