{"title":"Impact of straw-biochar amendments on microbial activity and soil carbon dynamics in wheat-maize system","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106284","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biochar is a promising carbon sequestration strategy, however, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of microbial-derived carbon (M-C) and plant-derived carbon (P-C) in soil organic carbon (SOC) formation and stabilisation remain elusive, constraining accurate predictions of the organic carbon pool. This study examined the soil biotic and abiotic factors that influence the plant and microbial biomarkers in SOC accumulation. A 5-year field experiment was conducted in a temperate wheat-maize agroecosystem in north-western China, with three treatments: (i) no straw incorporation (C), (ii) straw incorporation (S), and (iii) straw incorporation + biochar (SB). The results showed that M-C reached the microbial carrying capacity gradually, whereas P-C was selectively and continuously accumulated, displaying a complementary S-curve pattern. Straw incorporation increased SOC, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents, which stimulated microbial richness and enzyme activities, resulting in a 29.1 % and 25.5 % increase in M-C and P-C in SOC, respectively. The stimulated SOC mineralisation (26.2 %) led to significantly lower SOC content in S compared to the SB practice. Biochar combined with straw decreased DOC content (18.5 %) in comparison with straw incorporation, which suppressed microbial and enzyme activities, particularly in Actinobacteriota (12.3 %) and β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (24.2 %). It resulted in a 10.9 % and 14.3 % increase in M-C and fungal-to-bacterial necromass carbon ratio (F/B), respectively, while decreasing P-C by 9.6 % over the 5 years. Overall, straw incorporation with biochar effectively enhanced M-C in SOC and reduced SOC mineralisation, suggesting its potential to augment the quantity and stability of SOC pools and mitigate global climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016719872400285X/pdfft?md5=d0e5a772797e6329b7b969c8e5b5dbf0&pid=1-s2.0-S016719872400285X-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Soil & Tillage Research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016719872400285X","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"SOIL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Biochar is a promising carbon sequestration strategy, however, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of microbial-derived carbon (M-C) and plant-derived carbon (P-C) in soil organic carbon (SOC) formation and stabilisation remain elusive, constraining accurate predictions of the organic carbon pool. This study examined the soil biotic and abiotic factors that influence the plant and microbial biomarkers in SOC accumulation. A 5-year field experiment was conducted in a temperate wheat-maize agroecosystem in north-western China, with three treatments: (i) no straw incorporation (C), (ii) straw incorporation (S), and (iii) straw incorporation + biochar (SB). The results showed that M-C reached the microbial carrying capacity gradually, whereas P-C was selectively and continuously accumulated, displaying a complementary S-curve pattern. Straw incorporation increased SOC, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents, which stimulated microbial richness and enzyme activities, resulting in a 29.1 % and 25.5 % increase in M-C and P-C in SOC, respectively. The stimulated SOC mineralisation (26.2 %) led to significantly lower SOC content in S compared to the SB practice. Biochar combined with straw decreased DOC content (18.5 %) in comparison with straw incorporation, which suppressed microbial and enzyme activities, particularly in Actinobacteriota (12.3 %) and β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (24.2 %). It resulted in a 10.9 % and 14.3 % increase in M-C and fungal-to-bacterial necromass carbon ratio (F/B), respectively, while decreasing P-C by 9.6 % over the 5 years. Overall, straw incorporation with biochar effectively enhanced M-C in SOC and reduced SOC mineralisation, suggesting its potential to augment the quantity and stability of SOC pools and mitigate global climate change.
期刊介绍:
Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research:
The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.