Soil & Tillage Research最新文献

Advances in soil heating experimentation: A novel methodological framework for laboratory studies

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106494

Yasmmin Tadeu Costa , Paulo Angelo Fachin , Edivaldo Lopes Thomaz

Studies using controlled soil heating in the laboratory make it possible to understand and portray different scenarios of fire severity in the soil. However, some laboratory soil heating techniques do not maintain some field variables that are indispensable in heating and heat transmission through the soil and may underestimate the real severity of heating. This study aims to propose a new method for fire simulation, considering influence factors that are closer to the reality of natural fires. For that purpose, undisturbed samples were taken at 0–5 cm depth from Red-Yellow Ferralsol (n = 52) and Haplic Cambisol (n = 52) in the Vila Velha State Park – Paraná states - southern Brazil. The samples were experimentally heated in a conventional electric oven with internal air circulation based on three real field variables: oven temperature (100; 200; 300ºC), plant litter cover (absent and present), and soil moisture (<5 and 15–20 %), composing a 2x3x2 × 2 factorial scheme (n = 4). During heating, soil surface temperature was measured using thermocouples. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied, followed by the Dunn test (p < 0.05), considering the asymmetric and non-normalized distribution of the variables. The final temperatures reached in both soils varied between 36.3 and 220.0°C, being reduced when moisture was higher, plant litter cover was present, and sand content was lower. In this test, therefore, the most influential factors in soil heating were the applied temperature and vegetation cover. The positive points of the proposed method are: 1) associating two or more factors in controlled experiments; 2) quantifying the magnitude of influence for individual or combined factors; 3) contributing to decision making regarding the proper moment to apply controlled fire, once the effects at different conditions of moisture, soil cover and type are identified; and 4) evaluating the realistic effects of low and medium intensity natural fire heating on soil properties.

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引用次数: 0

Abundant taxa enhanced stability of fungal communities according to reduced nitrogen fertilization

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106501

Heming Han , Bo Zhang , Hao Liu , Yue Li , Xu Weidong , Liting Zhang , Hui Cao , Feng Wang

Excessive nitrogen fertilization has emerged as a significant focus of contemporary agricultural research. Reducing nitrogen fertilization is factually a process of decreasing soil nitrogen resource pulses, elucidating the environmental adaptations and ecological processes of soil fungal communities in this process, and contributions of different sub-communities in it, is a core but less known theme. We investigated soil fungal communities and subcommunities in response to reduction of nitrogen fertilization (fertilization rates were 100 %, 75 %, 50 %, and 0 %, respectively), based on a four-year field plot simulation experiment combining high-throughput sequencing technology. The diversity, community stability, environmental correlation, and co-occurrence network of soil fungal communities was analyzed, combined with concomitant alterations in soil nutrient content throughout the process of nitrogen fertilization reduction, aimed to compare the ecological impact of abundant and rare taxa on the whole soil fungal community. Our results showed that the nitrogen fertilization reduction decreased the diversity (Shannon index) and improved the stability of whole fungal communities. In addition, reduction in nitrogen fertilization leads to an improvement in soil pH (from 4.21 to 6.11) and a decrease in ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen (94.29 and 130.49 mg/kg, respectively), and abundant taxa showing higher sensitivity but less fluctuations in the breadth of the ecological niche to environmental changes. Reduced nitrogen fertilization resulted in a more complex and stable fungal network structure, while abundant taxa had less variability and higher contributions. These findings highlight the dominant role of abundant taxa in maintaining fungal community stability in facing nitrogen reduction strategies.

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing maize yield and mitigating salinization in the Yellow River Delta through organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizers

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106498

Peng Hou , Bowen Li , Enkai Cao , Shengqi Jian , Zhaohui Liu , Yan Li , Zeqiang Sun , Changjian Ma

Improper fertilization and irrigation practices are recognized as primary contributors to the exacerbation of secondary salinization in agricultural soils. Substituting chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers is considered an effective strategy to mitigate secondary salinization, improve saline-alkali soils, and enhance crop yields. However, the specific effects and underlying mechanisms of reducing chemical fertilizer application in combination with organic fertilizers in saline-alkali conditions remain insufficiently understood. This study focuses on summer maize grown in coastal saline-alkali areas, employing various proportions of organic fertilizer substitution (10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %) to identify an optimal application model. The findings reveal that the application of organic fertilizer as a partial substitute for chemical fertilizer directly alters the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and soil quality water content in different layers, which in turn affects the total absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to varying degrees, thereby influencing the crop's grain yield and biomass yield. Compared to the conventional use of chemical fertilizers alone, the incorporation of organic fertilizers led to changes in grain yield and biomass yield, ranging from −13.14 % to 7.14 % and −4.86 % to −8.14 %, respectively. The soil contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and quick-acting potassium changed by −8.30 % to 1.40 %, −13.19 % to –7.81 %, and −1.81 % to 8.42 %, respectively. Additionally, the total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by maize varied by −10.03 % to 7.62 %, −10.95 % to –8.93 %, and −9.64 % to 21.95 %, respectively. Significant differences were observed in maize yield, soil nutrient levels, and plant nutrient utilization rates across the different proportions of organic fertilizer substitution. Notably, the highest maize yield was achieved when the substitution proportion was 30 %, suggesting this ratio as the optimal application model for maize production in the saline-alkali soils of the Yellow River Delta. These results provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing fertilizer management in maize cultivation within saline-alkali soils.

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引用次数: 0

Assessing management strategies for carbon storage in Mediterranean soils: Double-cropping, no-tillage, and nitrogen fertilization reduction

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106496

Jesús Fernández-Ortega , Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes , Antonio Delgado , Ana María García-López , Carlos Cantero-Martínez

In Mediterranean conditions, the historical use of traditional agricultural practices has led to a significant loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) and the associated benefits it provides. Consequently, it becomes imperative to explore effective strategies that promote the preservation and enhancement of SOC. Some promising practices to increase SOC are the use of double-cropping, conservation tillage, and reduced N fertilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of introducing a legume prior to maize, together with different tillage systems and mineral N fertilization rates on SOC and related fractions (particulate organic matter carbon, POM-C; mineral-associated organic matter carbon, Min-C; and permanganate-oxidizable organic carbon, POxC). Additionally, the study aimed to investigate enzymatic activities associated with the carbon cycle. The study compared monocropping maize (MC) versus legume-maize double-cropping (DC) with two tillage systems (conventional tillage, CT; no-tillage, NT), and three mineral N fertilization rates (zero, medium and high). The legumes employed were pea for grain (2019), vetch for green manure (2020), and vetch for forage (2021). The DC increased the SOC level by 10.6 % compared to the use of MC, with POM-C as the main fraction involved in this change. Thus, the employment of DC allowed for the maintenance of SOC levels, while the use of MC resulted in their reduction compared to the levels observed at the beginning of the experiment. NT exhibited higher values of SOC and its fractions POM-C and Min-C. These differences were observed only in the 0–10 cm depth layers. The use of NT enabled the maintenance of SOC compared to the initial studied period, while CT reduced SOC. The treatments with N fertilization achieved higher values of SOC and all the studied fractions compared to the unfertilized treatment. However, at the end of the experiment, it was found that the application of N fertilization, especially at high rates, led to a decrease in SOC. Additionally, it was observed that the employment of DC and NT increased the enzymatic activities of dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase. The results of this study indicate that the utilization of legume-maize DC, as well as the implementation of NT and reduced N fertilization, are useful strategies to maintain SOC levels and improving the biological quality of the soil under Mediterranean irrigated conditions.

在地中海地区，历史上使用的传统农业耕作方式导致土壤有机碳（SOC）及其带来的相关益处大量流失。因此，当务之急是探索促进保护和增加 SOC 的有效策略。一些有希望增加土壤有机碳的做法是采用双季耕作、保护性耕作和减少氮肥施用量。本研究的目的是评估在玉米播种前引入豆科植物以及不同耕作制度和矿物氮肥施用率对 SOC 和相关组分（颗粒有机物碳 POM-C、矿物相关有机物碳 Min-C 和高锰酸盐可氧化有机碳 POxC）的综合影响。此外，该研究还旨在调查与碳循环相关的酶活性。该研究比较了单作玉米（MC）和豆科玉米双作（DC）两种耕作制度（常规耕作，CT；免耕，NT）以及三种矿物氮肥施用率（零、中、高）。采用的豆科植物分别是谷物豌豆（2019 年）、绿肥薇菜（2020 年）和饲料薇菜（2021 年）。与使用 MC 相比，DC 使 SOC 水平提高了 10.6%，POM-C 是导致这一变化的主要成分。因此，使用 DC 可以维持 SOC 含量，而使用 MC 则会导致 SOC 含量与实验开始时的水平相比有所下降。新氮表现出更高的 SOC 值及其馏分 POM-C 和 Min-C。这些差异只出现在 0-10 厘米深的土层中。与研究初期相比，NT 的使用使 SOC 得以维持，而 CT 则降低了 SOC。与未施肥的处理相比，施氮肥的处理获得了更高的 SOC 值和所有研究馏分。然而，实验结束时发现，施用氮肥（尤其是高施肥量）会导致 SOC 下降。此外，还观察到施用 DC 和 NT 提高了脱氢酶和 β-葡萄糖苷酶的酶活性。这项研究的结果表明，在地中海灌溉条件下，利用豆科玉米DC以及施用NT和减少氮肥是维持SOC水平和改善土壤生物质量的有效策略。

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引用次数: 0

How farmer’s perceptions about sustainable soil management practices affect their behaviour towards future adoption of the practices in climate hazardous location?

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106482

Shaima Chowdhury Sharna , Tek Maraseni , Valerien O. Pede , Ando Radanielson

Understanding farmers’ perception of sustainable soil management practices (SSMP) is essential for designing and promoting sustainable agriculture, thereby combating soil degradation. However, there is a limited understanding on how farmers perceptions of SSMP influence their adoption decision. This study investigated farmers’ perceptions of SSMP naming zero-tillage, residue incorporation, organic fertilization, crop rotation with legume and non-legume; and how these perceptions along with other socio-economic and environmental factors affect willingness to adopt SSMP for short-term and long-term in future. Dataset from a household-survey on rice farmers (N = 441) of four districts of Bangladesh, was analyzed by Control Function model included generalized inverse mills ratio (GIMR) to erase the endogeneity issue. Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted with farmers and agricultural extension officers to gain supplementary information. Results suggest that perception of reduction of production cost from SSMP outweighs perception of reduction of inputs use requirements (e.g., reduction of working hour at farm, chemical fertilizer use and irrigation water use) and beneficial impact of SSMP on soil properties (e.g., improving soil organic matter, reducing soil salinity and soil erosion). The former was confirmed as key factor influencing short-term and long-term future adoption decision of various SSMP. Farmers are likely to choose SSMP that are conducive to increase net benefit by minimizing production cost. Farmers from areas with different levels of climate stress vulnerability were observed to have different perceptions and behaviour towards SSMP’s future adoption. Organic fertilization, residue incorporation and crop rotation with legume were considered for future adoption by farmers in drought-prone Rajshahi district to combat site-specific problem of drought, while in flood-prone Sunamganj and salinity-affected Khulna districts, residue incorporation were perceived beneficial to address soil salinity and mitigate soil erosion. Therefore, integrating farmers’ perceptions and location-specific solution based on soil properties and climate vulnerability, in policy design is crucial to enhance the dissemination SSMP, with the overall aim of mitigating soil degradation and improving farmer’s livelihoods.

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引用次数: 0

Dual effects of supergravity deformation and suction deformation on the determination of soil water characteristic curve by centrifugal testing method

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106495

Jielong Rao , Liyu Yi , Yong Wan , Tiande Wen , Zhixiang Chen

The centrifugal testing method for the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) has found widely used in the fields of soil science, geology, and geotechnical engineering. However, the deformation of samples during the centrifuge testing process, resulting from the combination of matric suction (Ψ) and centrifugal force, introduces an error when compared to other SWCC testing methods. To quantify the influence of sample supergravity deformation on matric suction testing in centrifugal testing methods, a novel combined centrifuge-drying shrinkage testing method is proposed to differentiate the deformations caused by supergravity and Ψ during the centrifugal testing process. Meanwhile, the influence of different deformations on the SWCC of the soil was analyzed. On this basis, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests were conducted to explain the inherent mechanism of the centrifuge influence on soil water retention and deformation behaviors under supergravity conditions. The results indicate that, the drying shrinkage rule of the soil is different from the existing test rule. The SWCCs of soils with different initial dry densities (ρ_d) obtained through the combined centrifuge-drying shrinkage testing method follow the same desiccation path. Microscopic morphology and pore size analysis revealed significant influences of centrifuge dynamic disturbance and supergravity environment have great influence on soil pore structure during dehumidification.

{"title":"Dual effects of supergravity deformation and suction deformation on the determination of soil water characteristic curve by centrifugal testing method","authors":"Jielong Rao , Liyu Yi , Yong Wan , Tiande Wen , Zhixiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The centrifugal testing method for the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) has found widely used in the fields of soil science, geology, and geotechnical engineering. However, the deformation of samples during the centrifuge testing process, resulting from the combination of matric suction (Ψ) and centrifugal force, introduces an error when compared to other SWCC testing methods. To quantify the influence of sample supergravity deformation on matric suction testing in centrifugal testing methods, a novel combined centrifuge-drying shrinkage testing method is proposed to differentiate the deformations caused by supergravity and Ψ during the centrifugal testing process. Meanwhile, the influence of different deformations on the SWCC of the soil was analyzed. On this basis, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests were conducted to explain the inherent mechanism of the centrifuge influence on soil water retention and deformation behaviors under supergravity conditions. The results indicate that, the drying shrinkage rule of the soil is different from the existing test rule. The SWCCs of soils with different initial dry densities (<em>ρ</em><sub>d</sub>) obtained through the combined centrifuge-drying shrinkage testing method follow the same desiccation path. Microscopic morphology and pore size analysis revealed significant influences of centrifuge dynamic disturbance and supergravity environment have great influence on soil pore structure during dehumidification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 106495"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of oyster shells and bottom ash for improvement of coastal saline soil through empirical tests

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106478

Taejin Kim , Donggeun Kim , Jihun Jeon , Younghwan Son

Coastal soils have high salt concentration and poor drainage, which is unfavorable to the growth of crops. To utilize these soils effectively, salt removal is essential, and this can be achieved by improving the drainage properties of the soil. Oyster shells and bottom ash, which have large particles and high permeability, can enhance the soil's drainage when mixed, by improving particle size distribution. Furthermore, this approach provides an environmentally friendly solution for managing oyster shells and bottom ash, which often cause environmental issues when discarded. In this study, experiments were conducted to improve coastal saline soils using oyster shells and bottom ash. The desalinization performance was evaluated through leaching tests, while resalinization was assessed through capillary tests. Based on the results of these tests, optimal application methods for oyster shells and bottom ash were determined, and soil tank experiments simulating real-ground conditions were performed to assess practical applicability. The leaching test results indicated that mixing coarse-grained materials with soil significantly enhanced the leaching rate, with an increase of up to 20 times compared to the original soil. Meanwhile, the desalinization rate was more pronounced in soils mixed with oyster shells. Specifically, soil mixed with 40 % coarsely ground oyster shell reached a concentration equivalent to 20 % of the original salt concentration in approximately 28 min, demonstrating excellent desalinization performance. In the capillary test, it was observed that the capillary rise rate increased in the mixed soils, and a capillary barrier layer using bottom ash particles larger than 1 mm was found to effectively address this issue. In the soil tank tests, both desalinization and resalinization prevention were successfully achieved using coarsely ground oyster shells and bottom ash, along with a capillary barrier layer.

{"title":"Assessment of oyster shells and bottom ash for improvement of coastal saline soil through empirical tests","authors":"Taejin Kim , Donggeun Kim , Jihun Jeon , Younghwan Son","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal soils have high salt concentration and poor drainage, which is unfavorable to the growth of crops. To utilize these soils effectively, salt removal is essential, and this can be achieved by improving the drainage properties of the soil. Oyster shells and bottom ash, which have large particles and high permeability, can enhance the soil's drainage when mixed, by improving particle size distribution. Furthermore, this approach provides an environmentally friendly solution for managing oyster shells and bottom ash, which often cause environmental issues when discarded. In this study, experiments were conducted to improve coastal saline soils using oyster shells and bottom ash. The desalinization performance was evaluated through leaching tests, while resalinization was assessed through capillary tests. Based on the results of these tests, optimal application methods for oyster shells and bottom ash were determined, and soil tank experiments simulating real-ground conditions were performed to assess practical applicability. The leaching test results indicated that mixing coarse-grained materials with soil significantly enhanced the leaching rate, with an increase of up to 20 times compared to the original soil. Meanwhile, the desalinization rate was more pronounced in soils mixed with oyster shells. Specifically, soil mixed with 40 % coarsely ground oyster shell reached a concentration equivalent to 20 % of the original salt concentration in approximately 28 min, demonstrating excellent desalinization performance. In the capillary test, it was observed that the capillary rise rate increased in the mixed soils, and a capillary barrier layer using bottom ash particles larger than 1 mm was found to effectively address this issue. In the soil tank tests, both desalinization and resalinization prevention were successfully achieved using coarsely ground oyster shells and bottom ash, along with a capillary barrier layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 106478"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on climate suitability for maize and technical implementation strategies under conservation tillage in Northeast China 中国东北地区玉米气候适宜性及保护性耕作技术实施策略研究

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106473

Hongjun Liu , Wei Wan , Mandi Zheng , Jianwei Li , Shiwen Liu , Wei Lv , Yongxin Zhou , Zhong Liu

Conservation tillage is an effective planting system that balances land conservation with utilization. However, its indiscriminate promotion may lead to issues such as delayed maize germination, reduced yields, and soil structure deterioration. Previous studies have primarily focused on the impact of climate change on the climate suitability for maize cultivation in Northeast China, with little consideration of how changes in soil moisture and temperature due to conservation tillage affect maize climate suitability. Moreover, there is a lack of targeted conservation tillage implementation strategies that consider the specific characteristics of different regions. Therefore, this study quantifies the impact of conservation tillage on soil moisture and temperature, using these factors as environmental variables. The MaxEnt model was applied to simulate maize climate suitability under conservation tillage in the black soil region of Northeast China. Additionally, the study innovatively extracted typical topographic and geomorphological features of the region and proposed region-specific conservation tillage implementation strategies. The results indicate that: (1) Conservation tillage significantly impacts soil moisture and temperature. When straw coverage reaches 30 % to 95 %, soil moisture increases by 0.04–0.13 m³ /m³ , while soil temperature decreases by 0.15–0.46°C, thereby influencing the distribution of maize climate suitability. (2) Between 2000 and 2020, the area of climate suitability for maize under conservation tillage in Northeast China has shown an upward trend, increasing by 12.6 × 10⁴ km², with an average suitable area of 96.2 × 10⁴ km². (3) The area suitable for promoting straw mulching no tillage technology is 47 × 10⁴ km², accounting for 48.8 % of the total suitable area. The area suitable for implementing high stubble ridge side planting technology is 24 × 10⁴ km², making up 25 % of the total suitable area. The area suitable for promoting straw mulching ridge tillage with minimal tillage technology is 10.9 × 10⁴ km², accounting for 11 % of the total suitable area. The area suitable for implementing high stubble inter-row direct seeding technology is 8.6 × 10⁴ km², making up 9 % of the total suitable area. The results of this study provide theoretical support for the scientific promotion and region-specific implementation of conservation tillage, which is of great significance for achieving coordinated improvement of grain production and farmland conservation.

{"title":"Study on climate suitability for maize and technical implementation strategies under conservation tillage in Northeast China","authors":"Hongjun Liu , Wei Wan , Mandi Zheng , Jianwei Li , Shiwen Liu , Wei Lv , Yongxin Zhou , Zhong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservation tillage is an effective planting system that balances land conservation with utilization. However, its indiscriminate promotion may lead to issues such as delayed maize germination, reduced yields, and soil structure deterioration. Previous studies have primarily focused on the impact of climate change on the climate suitability for maize cultivation in Northeast China, with little consideration of how changes in soil moisture and temperature due to conservation tillage affect maize climate suitability. Moreover, there is a lack of targeted conservation tillage implementation strategies that consider the specific characteristics of different regions. Therefore, this study quantifies the impact of conservation tillage on soil moisture and temperature, using these factors as environmental variables. The MaxEnt model was applied to simulate maize climate suitability under conservation tillage in the black soil region of Northeast China. Additionally, the study innovatively extracted typical topographic and geomorphological features of the region and proposed region-specific conservation tillage implementation strategies. The results indicate that: (1) Conservation tillage significantly impacts soil moisture and temperature. When straw coverage reaches 30 % to 95 %, soil moisture increases by 0.04–0.13 m³ /m³ , while soil temperature decreases by 0.15–0.46°C, thereby influencing the distribution of maize climate suitability. (2) Between 2000 and 2020, the area of climate suitability for maize under conservation tillage in Northeast China has shown an upward trend, increasing by 12.6 × 10⁴ km², with an average suitable area of 96.2 × 10⁴ km². (3) The area suitable for promoting straw mulching no tillage technology is 47 × 10⁴ km², accounting for 48.8 % of the total suitable area. The area suitable for implementing high stubble ridge side planting technology is 24 × 10⁴ km², making up 25 % of the total suitable area. The area suitable for promoting straw mulching ridge tillage with minimal tillage technology is 10.9 × 10<sup>4</sup> km², accounting for 11 % of the total suitable area. The area suitable for implementing high stubble inter-row direct seeding technology is 8.6 × 10⁴ km², making up 9 % of the total suitable area. The results of this study provide theoretical support for the scientific promotion and region-specific implementation of conservation tillage, which is of great significance for achieving coordinated improvement of grain production and farmland conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 106473"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing root distribution and water use efficiency in maize/soybean intercropping under different irrigation levels: The role of underground interactions

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106490

Bo Jing, Wenjuan Shi, Tao Chen, Zhongmin Zhai, Jiawen Song

In maize/soybean intercropping system, achieving optimal yields depends on a thorough understanding of the complex interactions occurring in the belowground processes. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted to assess crop productivity, root distribution, and soil water distribution and utilization in response to underground interaction (UI) and underground separation (US) under three irrigation levels (60 %, 80 %, and 100 % ETc, represented by W1, W2, W3, respectively) in maize/soybean intercropping system. The results indicated that the UI not only significantly increased the maize yield but also enhanced its root length density and root investment, thereby improving its root competitive ability compared to the US; but the UI had negative effects on these indicators for soybean. US resulted in soil water differences between the maize and soybean sides, with higher soil water levels observed on the soybean side compared to the maize side. In contrast, under UI, the soil water differences were minimal, soil water transport from the soybean side to the maize side facilitated complementary water uptake, thereby enhancing the water use efficiency of maize. Furthermore, as the irrigation level increased, the yields, root length densities, soil water content, and soil water transport of both maize and soybean increased. However, increased irrigation level reduced the advantages of interspecific underground interactions and the water use efficiency. Under UI, correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships among most measured parameters, with the exception of water use efficiency, which exhibited a negative correlation with evapotranspiration. Radar chart analysis demonstrated distinct performance patterns across irrigation levels under UI: W3 showed superior results in soil water content and evapotranspiration, W2 showed balanced performance across all indicators, while W1 excelled in water use efficiency. These findings highlight the importance of underground interactions and irrigation management in optimizing crop productivity and water use efficiency in maize/soybean intercropping system.

{"title":"Optimizing root distribution and water use efficiency in maize/soybean intercropping under different irrigation levels: The role of underground interactions","authors":"Bo Jing, Wenjuan Shi, Tao Chen, Zhongmin Zhai, Jiawen Song","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In maize/soybean intercropping system, achieving optimal yields depends on a thorough understanding of the complex interactions occurring in the belowground processes. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted to assess crop productivity, root distribution, and soil water distribution and utilization in response to underground interaction (UI) and underground separation (US) under three irrigation levels (60 %, 80 %, and 100 % ETc, represented by W1, W2, W3, respectively) in maize/soybean intercropping system. The results indicated that the UI not only significantly increased the maize yield but also enhanced its root length density and root investment, thereby improving its root competitive ability compared to the US; but the UI had negative effects on these indicators for soybean. US resulted in soil water differences between the maize and soybean sides, with higher soil water levels observed on the soybean side compared to the maize side. In contrast, under UI, the soil water differences were minimal, soil water transport from the soybean side to the maize side facilitated complementary water uptake, thereby enhancing the water use efficiency of maize. Furthermore, as the irrigation level increased, the yields, root length densities, soil water content, and soil water transport of both maize and soybean increased. However, increased irrigation level reduced the advantages of interspecific underground interactions and the water use efficiency. Under UI, correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships among most measured parameters, with the exception of water use efficiency, which exhibited a negative correlation with evapotranspiration. Radar chart analysis demonstrated distinct performance patterns across irrigation levels under UI: W3 showed superior results in soil water content and evapotranspiration, W2 showed balanced performance across all indicators, while W1 excelled in water use efficiency. These findings highlight the importance of underground interactions and irrigation management in optimizing crop productivity and water use efficiency in maize/soybean intercropping system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 106490"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is “soil anti-scourability” a rational methodology for assessing soil erosion resistance? Insights from a case study and a concise discussion

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106481

Fan Ma , Xinsheng Han , Liang Liu , Yanfang Hao , Xianghui Lu

The soil erosion resistance (SER) is a critical property of soils with respect to their ability to resist the erosive force exerted by the overland flow. Various flume-based methodologies were utilized to investigate that property and abundant datasets of SER had been established. Meanwhile, a unique methodology for the assessment of SER, the “anti-scourability methodology” (ASM), proposed by Chinese researchers had been widely used across China for more than 60 years and rich data had been obtained. In recent years, several reports using the ASM had appeared in international journals in English, which implied a potential spread of the methodology outside China in the future. However, the ASM had some intrinsic drawbacks that would impede its worldwide application, although it is a simple and practical methodology. This paper discussed the connection between the ASM and the commonly adopted “detachability methodology” (DTM), and compared their performances in the assessment of SER based on a case study on the Loess Plateau using a modified desk-top scouring flume. The results showed that the ASM and DTM are both under the flume-based methodology framework and the index values of ASM could be transformed into the soil detachment rate values. However, as a methodology in the “pre-model-era”, the ASM could only give researchers an overall picture of SER under different soil management conditions, rather than mechanistic understandings of soil detachment process compared to the DTM. The small-sized flumes typically used in the ASM might not distinguish the differences of SER between sufficiently revegetated land use types due to the low level of hydraulic design. Nevertheless, the ASM could be a useful tool for the long-term monitoring of SER across large landscapes because of its low costs and simplicity. To enhance this simple and practical approach, the upper limit of flow discharge of flumes should be no less than that used in the DTM researches (e.g., no less than 25 m² h⁻¹ in most researches), therefore to obtain scouring forces strong enough to distinguish the SER across a broad range of soil types and management conditions. This is the first study that clarified the nature of ASM as an empirical simple tool for the assessment of SER and proposed its potential application outside China. Meanwhile, we suggested that the existing data of soil anti-scourability indices should be synthesized for further study.

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引用次数: 0