Dielectric and Ferroelectric Properties of KNN Ceramics Fabricated by Microwave Sintering

IF 2.2 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Journal of Electronic Materials Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI:10.1007/s11664-024-11378-1

Zhiqiang Liu, Wei Cai, Qianwei Zhang, Fei Chen, Xiuqi Li, Gang Chen, Rongli Gao, Xiaoling Deng, Chunlin Fu

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Abstract

(K,Na)NbO₃(KNN)-based ceramics are a promising lead-free piezoelectric material that could replace Pb(Zr_1−xTi_x)O₃-based materials due to their higher Curie temperature and superior electrical properties. However, the volatilization of sodium and potassium during conventional high-temperature sintering makes it difficult to obtain KNN ceramics with a dense structure and excellent electrical properties. Herein, a conventional solid-phase method combined with microwave sintering is applied for the preparation of KNN ceramics. The influence of the microwave sintering process on the microstructure and electrical properties of KNN ceramics were studied. The optimal microwave sintering conditions for KNN ceramics were determined to be 1100°C for 50 min. Under these conditions, the ceramic samples exhibited excellent ferroelectric properties, with the maximum polarization (P_max) of 20.4 μC/cm² and a remanent polarization (P_r) of 18.1 μC/cm². Additionally, the samples demonstrated impressive piezoelectric properties, including the maximum electric field-induced strain (S_max) of 0.0251%, a dynamic piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃*) of 125.5 pm/V, and a piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) of 109.8 pC/N. The study has important implications for the use of microwave sintering to achieve the densification of the ceramic with volatile elements such as KNN-based ceramics at lower sintering temperature and short sintering time.

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微波烧结制造的 KNN 陶瓷的介电性能和铁电性能

(K,Na)NbO3（KNN）基陶瓷是一种很有前途的无铅压电材料，由于其居里温度较高，电气性能优越，可以取代 Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 基材料。然而，由于钠和钾在传统高温烧结过程中挥发，很难获得结构致密、电气性能优异的 KNN 陶瓷。本文采用传统固相法结合微波烧结法制备 KNN 陶瓷。研究了微波烧结过程对 KNN 陶瓷微观结构和电气性能的影响。确定 KNN 陶瓷的最佳微波烧结条件为 1100°C 50 分钟。在这些条件下，陶瓷样品表现出优异的铁电特性，最大极化（Pmax）为 20.4 μC/cm2，剩极化（Pr）为 18.1 μC/cm2。此外，样品还表现出令人印象深刻的压电特性，包括 0.0251% 的最大电场诱导应变 (Smax)、125.5 pm/V 的动态压电系数 (d33*) 和 109.8 pC/N 的压电系数 (d33)。该研究对于利用微波烧结技术在较低的烧结温度和较短的烧结时间内实现陶瓷与挥发性元素（如 KNN 基陶瓷）的致密化具有重要意义。

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来源期刊

Journal of Electronic Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

4.80%

发文量

693

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Electronic Materials (JEM) reports monthly on the science and technology of electronic materials, while examining new applications for semiconductors, magnetic alloys, dielectrics, nanoscale materials, and photonic materials. The journal welcomes articles on methods for preparing and evaluating the chemical, physical, electronic, and optical properties of these materials. Specific areas of interest are materials for state-of-the-art transistors, nanotechnology, electronic packaging, detectors, emitters, metallization, superconductivity, and energy applications. Review papers on current topics enable individuals in the field of electronics to keep abreast of activities in areas peripheral to their own. JEM also selects papers from conferences such as the Electronic Materials Conference, the U.S. Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials, and the International Conference on Thermoelectrics. It benefits both specialists and non-specialists in the electronic materials field. A journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.