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Factors Influencing Standard PID Test and Anti-PID Performance of Ga-Doped PERC Mono-Facial Photovoltaic Modules 影响掺镓 PERC 单面光伏组件标准 PID 测试和抗 PID 性能的因素
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11664-024-11471-5
Rui Tong, Wenfei Wu, Zhi Wang

The potential-induced degradation (PID) performance is of high significance for photovoltaic (PV) modules. In accordance with the IEC 61215-2: 2021 standard, we analyzed the factors that affect the measurement of PID performance, including the effects of a light soak of the p-type gallium (Ga)-doped silicon mono-facial PV modules, the resistivity of the water used for humidification of the environmental chamber, and the relative humidity of the chamber. We also examined the change of the modules’ anti-PID performance under the erosion by NaCl solution and by higher humidity combined with NaCl solution. The results show that a light soak pre-treatment before the PID test of the module leads to a difference of 0.02% in average power loss. The influence of humidifying water with different resistivities used in the environmental chamber on the PID test is negligible. An increase in humidity substantially reduces the anti-PID performance of the module. When the EVA film thickness was reduced from 0.65 mm to 0.55 mm, the power loss increased from 2.25% to 3.96% after the PID test. In addition, NaCl on the backsheet of the module could accelerate the PID effect under applied electric field conditions, resulting in the formation of localized darkening area observed under electroluminescence (EL) image. Finally, after the PID test in the presence of higher humidity and NaCl solution, the average power loss of the modules amounted to 10.80%, while it was 1.29% for the modules after the standard PID test. Therefore, it is vital to improve the anti-PID performance of mono-facial PV modules in a high relative humidity and salt-mist environment.

电位诱发衰减(PID)性能对光伏(PV)模块具有重要意义。根据 IEC 61215-2:2021 标准,我们分析了影响 PID 性能测量的因素,包括光浸泡 p 型掺镓(Ga)硅单面光伏组件、环境室加湿用水的电阻率和环境室相对湿度的影响。我们还考察了组件在氯化钠溶液侵蚀和较高湿度与氯化钠溶液共同侵蚀下抗 PID 性能的变化。结果表明,在对模块进行 PID 测试前进行轻度浸泡预处理会导致平均功率损失相差 0.02%。环境室中使用的不同电阻率的加湿水对 PID 测试的影响可以忽略不计。湿度的增加会大大降低模块的抗 PID 性能。当 EVA 薄膜厚度从 0.65 毫米减少到 0.55 毫米时,PID 测试后的功率损耗从 2.25% 增加到 3.96%。此外,在外加电场条件下,模块背板上的氯化钠会加速 PID 效应,导致在电致发光(EL)图像下观察到局部变暗区域的形成。最后,在较高湿度和 NaCl 溶液条件下进行 PID 测试后,组件的平均功率损失达 10.80%,而标准 PID 测试后组件的平均功率损失为 1.29%。因此,提高单面光伏组件在高相对湿度和盐雾环境下的抗 PID 性能至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced Microwave Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of YBiIG Ferrite by Ca-Zr Co-substitution 通过共取代 Ca-Zr 增强 YBiIG 铁氧体的微波磁性和介电性质
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11664-024-11409-x
Yixin Chen, Jie Li, Yang Xiao, Kai Sun, Yiheng Rao, Yulong Liao, Yingli Liu

Yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12, YIG) ferrite has excellent magnetic properties that are suitable for microwave communication devices. In the present research, Ca-Zr co-substituted Y1.83−xBi1.17CaxFe5−xZrxO12 (YBiIG, x = 0.00–0.15 with a step of 0.05) ferrites were prepared by a solid-state reaction method to enhance microwave magnetic and dielectric properties. The phase formation, microstructure, and magnetic and dielectric properties of the materials were investigated by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, impedance analyzer, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth. The results showed that Ca2+-Zr4+ ions did not change the phase formation of the ferrites and enhanced the magnetic permeability (mu^{{prime }}) ((mu^{{prime }}) = 24.10 at 10 MHz, x = 0.15) and dielectric constant ((varepsilon^{{prime }}) = 24.55 at 10 MHz, x = 0.15). Meanwhile, the specific saturation magnetization (σs) increased from 20.26 emu/g to 22.79 emu/g with the increase of Ca-Zr substitution, and the FMR linewidth (ΔH) decreased from 406.34 Oe to 339.60 Oe. The work showed that the high dielectric constant exhibited by Ca-Zr-substituted YBiIG ferrite materials has potential application value in high-frequency microwave device applications, such as circulators, isolators, phase shifters, and other microwave components.

钇铁石榴石(Y3Fe5O12,YIG)铁氧体具有优异的磁性能,适用于微波通信设备。本研究采用固态反应法制备了 Ca-Zr 共取代的 Y1.83-xBi1.17CaxFe5-xZrxO12 (YBiIG,x = 0.00-0.15,步长为 0.05)铁氧体,以增强微波磁性和介电性质。通过 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、阻抗分析仪、振动样品磁力计(VSM)和铁磁共振(FMR)线宽研究了材料的相形成、微观结构、磁性和介电性质。结果表明,Ca2+-Zr4+离子并没有改变铁氧体的相形成,反而增强了磁导率((mu^{/{prime }}) = 24.10 at 10 MHz, x = 0.15)和介电常数((varepsilon^{/{prime }}) = 24.55 at 10 MHz, x = 0.15)。同时,随着 Ca-Zr 取代度的增加,比饱和磁化率(σs)从 20.26 emu/g 增加到 22.79 emu/g,调频线宽(ΔH)从 406.34 Oe 下降到 339.60 Oe。研究结果表明,Ca-Zr 取代的 YBiIG 铁氧体材料所表现出的高介电常数在高频微波器件应用中具有潜在的应用价值,如环行器、隔离器、移相器和其他微波元件。
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引用次数: 0
Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Studies of Nickel-Doped β-Ga2O3 Monoclinic and Spinel Polycrystalline Powders 掺镍 β-Ga2O3 单斜和尖晶多晶粉末的结构、光学和磁学研究
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11664-024-11452-8
Anju Babu, N. Madhusudhana Rao

β-Gallium oxide has well-studied electrical characteristics but relatively less explored optical as well as magnetic properties. In this work, pure and Ni-doped β-Ga2O3 polycrystalline powders were prepared using a hydrothermal method to study the structural, optical, and magnetic properties at various concentrations of Ni at 1 M%, 3 M%, 5 M%, and 7 M%. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of monoclinic β-Ga2O3 up to Ni 1 M% doping. The formation of additional peaks was observed exclusively for the samples doped with Ni from 3 M% to 7 M%. These additional peaks belong to NiGa2O4 that has an inverse spinel structure. The reflectance studies using UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy shows a reduction in bandgap from approximately 4.7 eV to 4.1 eV with the addition of the dopant. The emission peaks observed from photoluminescence studies shows UV, blue, and green emissions with varying intensity. Room-temperature magnetic studies performed using a vibrating sample magnetometer showed a transition from the diamagnetic state of the pure sample to the antiferromagnetic state with increasing Ni concentration in the doped samples. The diamagnetic properties of β-Ga2O3 makes it ineffective in spintronic applications. From the present work, the improved magnetism due to Ni doping coupled with the optical properties suggests that nickel-doped gallium oxide can be used as an optical magnetic bifunctional material.

β-氧化镓的电学特性已得到充分研究,但对其光学和磁学特性的研究相对较少。本研究采用水热法制备了纯镍和掺镍的β-Ga2O3 多晶粉末,研究了不同镍浓度(1 M%、3 M%、5 M% 和 7 M%)下的结构、光学和磁学特性。XRD 分析证实了单斜β-Ga2O3 的形成,掺杂镍达到 1 M%。在掺杂 3 M% 至 7 M% Ni 的样品中,只观察到了附加峰的形成。这些附加峰属于具有反尖晶石结构的 NiGa2O4。利用紫外-可见漫反射光谱进行的反射率研究表明,掺杂剂的加入使带隙从大约 4.7 eV 减小到 4.1 eV。光致发光研究观察到的发射峰显示出不同强度的紫外线、蓝色和绿色发射。使用振动样品磁力计进行的室温磁性研究表明,随着掺杂样品中镍浓度的增加,纯样品的二磁态转变为反铁磁态。β-Ga2O3的二磁性使其在自旋电子应用中不起作用。从本研究的结果来看,掺杂镍后磁性的改善以及光学特性表明,掺杂镍的氧化镓可用作光学磁性双功能材料。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Epoxy Material Viscosity and Gold Wire Configuration on Light-Emitting Diode Encapsulation Process 环氧树脂材料粘度和金线配置对发光二极管封装工艺的影响
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11664-024-11432-y
C. Y. Khor, Mohd Sharizal Abdul Aziz, Chooi Jing Qi, Xing Qi Lim, M. H. H. Ishak, Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh

This paper investigates the impacts of epoxy material viscosity and different gold wire configurations on the total maximum deformation, maximum von Mises stress, and maximum equivalent elastic strain on the light-emitting diode (LED) encapsulation process. The simulation of the LED encapsulation process employed the Volume of Fluid (VOF), Fluid–Structure Interaction (FSI), and System Coupling methods within ANSYS software. The simulation results for an epoxy molding compound (EMC) with viscosity of 0.448 kg/m·s were validated by an experiment. A grid independence test was run to determine the minimum mesh refinement required for the simulation. The results revealed that the final fluid profile of the EMC at 0.448 kg/m·s conformed more closely to the experimental results than the other epoxies. The overall best performance of the wire configuration to the EMC on the LED encapsulation process, in descending order, was the square-loop, triangle-loop, S-loop, Q-loop, and M-loop. This study contributes to understanding the effects of epoxy materials and various gold wire configurations on key mechanical parameters in the LED encapsulation process, hence guiding LED manufacturers in selecting optimal epoxy materials and wire configurations to improve process reliability and performance.

本文研究了环氧树脂材料粘度和不同金线配置对发光二极管(LED)封装过程中总最大变形、最大 von Mises 应力和最大等效弹性应变的影响。LED 封装过程的模拟采用了 ANSYS 软件中的流体体积 (VOF)、流体-结构相互作用 (FSI) 和系统耦合方法。实验验证了粘度为 0.448 kg/m-s 的环氧模塑化合物 (EMC) 的模拟结果。进行了网格独立性测试,以确定模拟所需的最小网格细化度。结果表明,与其他环氧树脂相比,粘度为 0.448 kg/m-s 的 EMC 的最终流体剖面更接近实验结果。在 LED 封装过程中,导线配置对 EMC 的整体最佳性能依次为方形环路、三角形环路、S 形环路、Q 形环路和 M 形环路。这项研究有助于了解环氧树脂材料和各种金线配置对 LED 封装工艺中关键机械参数的影响,从而指导 LED 制造商选择最佳环氧树脂材料和金线配置,以提高工艺可靠性和性能。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Pressure on Electronic, Magnetic Behavior, and Fermi Surface Studies of SrFe2X2 (X = P, As, Sb) Iron-Based Superconductors 压力对 SrFe2X2(X = P、As、Sb)铁基超导体的电子、磁性和费米面研究的影响
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11664-024-11406-0
R. Mahesh, P. Venugopal Reddy

In ordered to understand the electronic structure, structural phase stability, magnetic properties, and Fermi surface studies of the 122 type of SrFe2X2, where (X = P, As, Sb) were investigated. For this purpose, the plane wave self-consistent method was used. Using the Brich–Murnaghan equation, their electronic structure and magnetic ordering were also investigated. It was understood that, under pressure, the compound SrFe2As2 undergoes a structural phase change from the tetragonal phase into the collapsed tetragonal phase. Further, due to their larger lattice constants, antimonides with larger local iron magnetic moment exhibit an enhanced Hund's rule coupling. Furthermore, smaller intra-atomic exchange coupling and significantly smaller lattice constants may be the cause of the extremely small local Fe moment for phosphates. The analysis of the valence charge density in the collapsed tetragonal phase demonstrates that the interactions between As atoms are more pronounced when compressed along the c-axis. The strength of this interaction is primarily governed by the Fe-As chemical bonding. The collapsed tetragonal phase of SrFe2As2 compounds, as observed in Fermi surface studies, indicates the absence of nesting of Fermi surfaces. It is clear that, from the studies, the tetragonal phase of Fermi surface nesting resulted in the long-range magnetic order, leading to the presence of superconductivity.

为了了解 122 型 SrFe2X2(其中 X = P、As、Sb)的电子结构、结构相稳定性、磁性能和费米面研究,我们对其进行了研究。为此,采用了平面波自洽方法。利用布里奇-默纳汉方程,还研究了它们的电子结构和磁有序性。据了解,在压力作用下,化合物 SrFe2As2 会发生结构相变,从四方相变为坍塌四方相。此外,由于晶格常数较大,局部铁磁矩较大的锑化物表现出更强的亨德法则耦合。此外,较小的原子内交换耦合和明显较小的晶格常数可能是磷酸盐局部铁磁矩极小的原因。对坍缩四方相中价电荷密度的分析表明,当沿 c 轴压缩时,As 原子间的相互作用更加明显。这种相互作用的强度主要受铁-砷化学键的影响。在费米面研究中观察到的 SrFe2As2 化合物的塌缩四方相表明费米面没有嵌套。从研究中可以清楚地看出,费米面嵌套的四方相导致了长程磁序,从而出现了超导现象。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and Characterization of Sn-Doped CuO Thin Films for Gas Sensor Toward H2S Gas Sensing 用于 H2S 气体传感的掺锡氧化铜薄膜的合成与表征
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11664-024-11404-2
Jyoti, Rajesh Kumar, Ashok Kumar

In this work, thin films of CuO doped with 3% SnCl2 (0.97 g CuO-0.03 g SnCl2) were deposited on glass substrates using a sol–gel spin coating technique. The deposited thin films were annealed in a muffle furnace at 400°C for 2 h. UV–visible spectroscopy, a two-probe setup, and x-ray diffraction were utilized to analyze the optical, electrical, and structural properties, respectively. The optical bandgap of the doped films was identified within the range of 3.7–3.83 eV. Electrical investigation performed by the two-probe setup revealed that the prepared samples were ohmic in nature. It was found that the resistivity of the samples varied from 11.86 Ω·m to 6.04 Ω·m as the thickness of films increased from 165 nm to 570 nm. The gas-sensing properties of the prepared films were assessed at different operational temperatures and for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide gas. From the obtained data, it was observed that SnCl2-doped CuO thin films show excellent response toward H2S gas at room temperature.

在这项研究中,采用溶胶-凝胶旋涂技术在玻璃基底上沉积了掺杂 3% SnCl2 的氧化铜薄膜(0.97 g CuO-0.03 g SnCl2)。沉积的薄膜在马弗炉中于 400°C 下退火 2 小时后,利用紫外可见光谱、双探针装置和 X 射线衍射分别分析了其光学、电学和结构特性。掺杂薄膜的光带隙范围为 3.7-3.83 eV。利用双探针装置进行的电学研究表明,制备的样品具有欧姆性质。随着薄膜厚度从 165 纳米增加到 570 纳米,样品的电阻率从 11.86 Ω-m 变为 6.04 Ω-m。在不同的工作温度和不同浓度的硫化氢气体条件下,对所制备薄膜的气体感应特性进行了评估。从获得的数据中可以看出,掺杂氯化锡的氧化铜薄膜在室温下对 H2S 气体有极好的响应。
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引用次数: 0
Up-Conversion Luminescence and Optical Temperature-Sensing Properties of Yb3+ and Er3+ Co-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Phosphor 掺杂 Yb3+ 和 Er3+ 的钇铝石榴石荧光粉的上转换发光和光学温度传感特性
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11664-024-11428-8
Jiahao Zha, Chongjun He, Fangzhou Chen, Hongwei Wang, Biao Dong, Lijuan Liu, Mingjun Xia, Chenguang Deng, Qian Li, Yuangang Lu, Huiting Chen, Siguo Liu

Fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technology is compulsorily needed in non-contact rare-earth luminescent temperature sensors. Here, we present Er/Yb:Y3Al5O12 phosphors synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure, microstructure, up-conversion luminescence, and energy transfer between the two ions have been comprehensively analyzed. Under 980-nm excitation, the samples exhibited four distinct transition bands at 475 nm, 525 nm, 546 nm, and 664 nm. The quantum efficiency reached 12.14%. Utilizing the thermally coupled level of I525/I546 as a basis for analysis yields a maximum relative sensitivity of 1.05% K−1. We observed that the spectral color coordinates varied linearly with temperature within a specific range, suggesting its potential application as a means of temperature measurement. Furthermore, employing the non-thermally coupled levels of I546/I475 for temperature measurement results in an impressive maximum absolute sensitivity of 8.05% K−1, nearly 24 times higher than that achieved through thermally coupled levels alone. The temperature resolution of the synthetic material is basically less than 0.3 K with high thermal stability. Therefore, Er/Yb:Y3Al5O12 phosphors hold promise as viable candidates for components in temperature-sensor applications.

非接触式稀土发光温度传感器迫切需要荧光强度比(FIR)技术。在此,我们介绍了通过高温固态反应方法合成的 Er/Yb:Y3Al5O12 荧光粉。我们对其晶体结构、微观结构、上转换发光以及两种离子间的能量传递进行了全面分析。在 980 纳米波长的激发下,样品在 475 纳米、525 纳米、546 纳米和 664 纳米波长处呈现出四个不同的过渡带。量子效率达到 12.14%。利用 I525/I546 的热耦合水平作为分析基础,可获得 1.05% K-1 的最大相对灵敏度。我们观察到,在特定范围内,光谱色坐标随温度呈线性变化,这表明它有可能用作温度测量手段。此外,利用 I546/I475 的非热耦合水平进行温度测量,可获得令人印象深刻的 8.05% K-1 的最大绝对灵敏度,比仅通过热耦合水平获得的灵敏度高出近 24 倍。合成材料的温度分辨率基本小于 0.3 K,具有很高的热稳定性。因此,Er/Yb:Y3Al5O12 荧光粉有望成为温度传感器应用中的可行候选元件。
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引用次数: 0
Design and Development of an IoT-Based Embedded System for Continuous Monitoring of Vital Signs 设计和开发基于物联网的嵌入式系统,用于持续监测生命体征
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11664-024-11368-3
P. N. S. B. S. V. Prasad, Syed Ali Hussain, Pavankalyan Thotakura, Pradyut Kumar Sanki

The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology is driving a transformation in the healthcare sector. This paradigm change provides new opportunities for real-time, ongoing physical parameter monitoring, particularly in remote situations, providing an ideal setting for research and development. IoT device deployment has become widespread, enabling the growth of an automated data exchange ecosystem. However, our capacity to carry out remote monitoring has been constrained by our past dependence on specialized electronic equipment for assessing vital signs such as heart rate (beats per minute [BPM]) and oxygen saturation (SpO2). To address this issue, we developed an innovative technology that makes use of internet connectivity to allow for remote vital sign measurement and monitoring. The main focus of this article is the use of IoT technology to measure and track vital physiological indicators, notably heart rate and oxygen saturation, regardless of a person’s location. In addition, our study aims to create a system that can send out real-time notifications in the event of serious medical emergencies, increasing the likelihood that life-saving actions can be taken in a timely manner.

物联网(IoT)技术的快速发展正在推动医疗保健领域的变革。这种模式的转变为实时、持续的物理参数监测提供了新的机遇,尤其是在远程情况下,为研究和开发提供了理想的环境。物联网设备的部署已经变得非常普遍,从而促进了自动化数据交换生态系统的发展。然而,我们过去依赖专业电子设备来评估心率(每分钟心跳数 [BPM])和血氧饱和度(SpO2)等生命体征,这限制了我们进行远程监控的能力。为了解决这个问题,我们开发了一种创新技术,利用互联网连接实现远程生命体征测量和监测。本文的重点是利用物联网技术测量和跟踪重要的生理指标,尤其是心率和血氧饱和度,而不受个人所在位置的限制。此外,我们的研究还旨在创建一个能够在发生严重医疗紧急情况时发出实时通知的系统,从而提高及时采取救生行动的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the Contribution of Minority Carriers to the Thermo-electromotive Force of Thermoelectric Generators in the Case Where the Electrical Conductivity of the Majority Carriers Remains Very Large Compared to that of the Minority Carriers 在多数载流子的电导率与少数载流子的电导率相比仍然非常大的情况下评估少数载流子对热电发生器热电动势的贡献
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11664-024-11366-5
André Siewe Kamegni, Igor Lashkevych

A theoretical prediction of the contribution to the thermo-electromotive force (thermo-EMF) of a thermocouple due to the minority charge carriers in both legs is presented. This prediction is made on the assumption that, at any time, the electrical conductivity of the majority charge carriers (sigma _M) remains very large compared to the electrical conductivity of the minority carriers (sigma _m) ((sigma _Mgg sigma _m)). The expression has also been analyzed in order to find strategies to reduce its negative impact on the thermo-EMF of the thermocouple. Finally, calculations were carried out in the case of the thermocouple made of silicon thermoelements. The results show that the presence of minority carriers in the thermocouple legs can either positively or negatively affect the generated thermo-EMF. Whenever the contribution is negative, its magnitude may be reduced by widening the bandgap of the N-type leg and/or narrowing that of the p-type leg, adjusting the length of the legs, or intensifying recombinations on the surfaces of the P-type leg

本文从理论上预测了热电偶的热电动势(thermo-EMF)是由两条腿上的少数电荷载流子造成的。这一预测是基于以下假设做出的:在任何时候,多数电荷载流子的电导率(sigma _M)与少数载流子的电导率(sigma _Mggsigma _m)相比都非常大。还对该表达式进行了分析,以便找到减少其对热电偶热电磁场负面影响的策略。最后,对硅热电偶进行了计算。结果表明,热电偶支脚中少数载流子的存在会对产生的热电磁场产生积极或消极的影响。如果是负面影响,则可以通过拓宽 N 型引脚的带隙和/或缩小 P 型引脚的带隙、调整引脚长度或加强 P 型引脚表面的重组来降低影响程度。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Biaxial Strain on Structural, Electronic, and Thermal Transport Properties of Twin Graphene: A Comparative Study with γ-graphyne 双轴应变对双石墨烯结构、电子和热传输特性的影响:与 γ 石墨烯的比较研究
IF 2.1 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11664-024-11429-7
Wentao Li

The existence of a variety of two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotropes with different carbon frameworks has provided an unprecedented platform to explore novel properties and potential applications beyond graphene. In this work, the strain effects on the structural, electronic, and thermal transport properties of the γ-graphyne and twin graphene sheets have been systematically clarified through first-principles calculations. Regardless of the geometrical similarities of the two considered 2D carbon allotropes, our results indicate that the acetylenic linkages in the γ-graphyne and the AA-stacked aromatic rings in the twin graphene are capable of resulting in the notable deviations in their electronic and thermal transport properties, as well as the strain-dependent behaviors. Both of the two sheets possess an intrinsic semiconducting nature with a tunable direct bandgap that depends on the biaxial strains. The thermal conductivity of the γ-graphyne is significantly suppressed compared to the twin graphene counterpart. Moreover, the heat transfer of the two sheets can be further enhanced by the tensile strains, and a dramatic increase can be obtained in the strained γ-graphyne sheet. Thus, the effectively tunable electronic and thermal transport properties revealed in this work imply the great potential of the two 2D carbon allotropes, and the comparative study also uncovers the structural effect of the carbon networks on their novel properties and strain responses.

具有不同碳框架的各种二维(2D)碳同素异形体的存在为探索石墨烯以外的新特性和潜在应用提供了一个前所未有的平台。在这项研究中,我们通过第一原理计算系统地阐明了应变对γ-石墨烯和孪生石墨烯片的结构、电子和热传输特性的影响。尽管这两种二维碳同素异形体在几何上有相似之处,但我们的研究结果表明,γ-石墨烯中的乙炔基连接和孪生石墨烯中的AA叠层芳香环能够导致它们的电子和热传输特性出现显著偏差,并且具有应变依赖行为。这两片石墨烯都具有固有的半导体性质,其直接带隙可调,并取决于双轴应变。与孪生石墨烯相比,γ-石墨烯的热导率显著降低。此外,拉伸应变可进一步增强两片石墨烯的热传导,应变γ-石墨烯薄片的热传导率可大幅提高。因此,本研究揭示的可有效调谐的电子和热传输特性意味着这两种二维碳同素异形体具有巨大的潜力,对比研究还揭示了碳网络结构对其新特性和应变响应的影响。
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Journal of Electronic Materials
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