Metabolic Consequences of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Their Impact on Hepatic Function in High Fat Diet-Fed Rats: Potential Role of Moderate Intensity Exercise

Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI:10.1134/s0022093024040124

G. M. Hamed, D. A. Abou-Bakr, N. K. M. Saleh, M. I. M. Elshishiny, W. E. Morsy

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Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with a heightened risk for various metabolic comorbidities, including glucose intolerance, type II diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Objectives: the current study aims to elucidate the metabolic consequences of PCOS, with a particular focus on insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, and their impact on hepatic function, with or without high fat diet feeding, and to investigate the potential therapeutic role of moderate-intensity exercise in mitigating these PCOS-associated metabolic and hepatic complications. For this, 55 adult female Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 equal groups: Control group, polycystic ovary syndrome group (PCO), high fat diet fed polycystic ovary syndrome group (HF-PCO), exercise-treated polycystic ovary syndrome group (PCO-EX), and high fat diet fed exercise-treated polycystic ovary syndrome group (HF-PCO-EX). At the end of the study period (8 weeks), anthropometric measures were taken. Insulin resistance, lipid profile and liver enzymes activity were also assessed and serum estradiol, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), resistin and adiponectin levels were measured. Histopathological examination of ovarian and hepatic tissues was also performed. The results obtained demonstrated that glycaemic parameters significantly implied insulin resistance which was associated with a significant increase in serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherogenic index (AI). On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the PCO and HF-PCO compared to the control group. Also, the activity levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) as well as serum concentration of testosterone, LH and resistin were all significantly increased while serum concentration of estradiol, adiponectin and adiponectin/resistin ratio (A/R) were significantly decreased. Swimming exercise was able to reduce serum testosterone and LH concentration levels and to elevate serum estradiol concentration and to improve all the metabolic parameters compared to their corresponding non-exercised groups through reduction of the proinflammatory cytokine resistin and elevation of adiponectin and A/R ratio. Histopathological analysis corroborated these findings revealing minimal inflammatory infiltration, apoptosis, and steatosis in the livers of exercised animals. These data allowed us to conclude that moderate intensity exercise notably improved insulin resistance and lipid metabolism, and mitigated hepatic effects through reducing the activity of liver enzymes and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, potentially preventing the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in PCOS rats, regardless of dietary fat content.

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多囊卵巢综合征的代谢后果及其对高脂饮食大鼠肝功能的影响：中等强度运动的潜在作用

摘要多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）与各种代谢合并症（包括葡萄糖不耐受、II 型糖尿病、血脂异常、代谢综合征、肝脂肪变性和非酒精性脂肪肝）的风险增加有关 Objectives：本研究旨在阐明多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）的代谢后果，特别是胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常，以及它们对肝功能的影响，无论是否伴有高脂饮食喂养，并探讨中等强度运动在减轻这些与多囊卵巢综合征相关的代谢和肝脏并发症方面的潜在治疗作用。为此，研究人员将 55 只成年雌性 Wistar 白化大鼠分为 5 组：对照组、多囊卵巢综合征组（PCO）、高脂饮食喂养多囊卵巢综合征组（HF-PCO）、运动治疗多囊卵巢综合征组（PCO-EX）和高脂饮食喂养运动治疗多囊卵巢综合征组（HF-PCO-EX）。此外，还评估了胰岛素抵抗、血脂状况和肝酶活性，并测量了血清雌二醇、睾酮、黄体生成素（LH）、抵抗素和脂肪连通素水平。还对卵巢和肝组织进行了组织病理学检查。研究结果表明，血糖参数显著反映了胰岛素抵抗，而胰岛素抵抗与血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和致动脉粥样硬化指数（AI）的显著增加相关。此外，血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙戊酰转移酶（GGT）的活性水平以及血清睾酮、LH 和抵抗素的浓度均显著升高，而血清雌二醇、脂肪连通素和脂肪连通素/抵抗素比值（A/R）的浓度则显著降低。通过降低促炎细胞因子抵抗素、提高脂肪连通素和 A/R 比值，游泳运动能够降低血清睾酮和 LH 浓度水平，提高血清雌二醇浓度，并与相应的非运动组相比改善所有代谢参数。组织病理学分析证实了这些发现，显示运动动物肝脏中的炎症浸润、细胞凋亡和脂肪变性极少。这些数据使我们得出结论：中等强度的运动显著改善了胰岛素抵抗和脂质代谢，并通过降低肝酶活性和炎症细胞因子水平减轻了对肝脏的影响，从而有可能预防多囊卵巢综合征大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的发生，而与饮食中的脂肪含量无关。

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