Negative plant–soil feedback influences a dominant seeded species, Western yarrow (Achillea millefolium), in grassland restoration

IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Restoration Ecology Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI:10.1111/rec.14271
Charles W. Casper, Mary Ellyn DuPre, Morgan L. McLeod, Rebecca A. Bunn, John L. Maron, Philip W. Ramsey, Ylva Lekberg
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Abstract

Plant community ecology guides restoration of degraded lands, yet seed‐based restorations sometimes fail or result in unpredictable outcomes, necessitating a better understanding of community trajectory and stability. Western yarrow (Achillea millefolium) declined suddenly in two separate restoration projects after initial high relative abundance. To assess the potential role of soil pathogens, we surveyed plant and soil fungal communities in these restorations, and used an 8‐year‐old field experiment that crossed yarrow planted in varying densities with a fungicide treatment. Two greenhouse experiments then evaluated whether the suppressive effect in yarrow soil spread to native species used in restoration. Lower yarrow cover in a restoration project 5 years compared to 3 years after seeding coincided with higher relative abundance of fungal taxa that can cause disease, particularly Crown‐rot fungi (Paraphoma spp.). Paraphoma increased over time in experimental plots and coincided with yarrow decline. Decline onset was density‐dependent, occurring faster in plant communities where yarrow density was higher. Fungicide applications altered fungal pathogen communities and promoted yarrow cover relative to control plots. In the greenhouse, yarrow grew larger with fungicide, consistent with suppression of fungal pathogens. However, biomass of natives grown in yarrow‐conditioned soil was not affected by fungicides, suggesting pathogens did not spread. The rapid establishment and competitive nature of yarrow, followed by pathogen‐induced decline, make it an attractive early transitional “bridge species,” so long as its pathogens are species‐specific. Our results suggest negative plant‐soil feedback can drive rapid decline of individual species, and considering plant–soil feedback could improve restoration predictability.
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植物-土壤负反馈影响草地恢复中的优势播种物种西洋蓍草(Achillea millefolium)
植物群落生态学为退化土地的恢复提供了指导,但以种子为基础的恢复有时会失败或导致不可预知的结果,因此有必要更好地了解群落的轨迹和稳定性。在两个不同的恢复项目中,西洋蓍草(Achillea millefolium)在最初的高相对丰度后突然减少。为了评估土壤病原体的潜在作用,我们对这些恢复项目中的植物和土壤真菌群落进行了调查,并利用一项已有 8 年历史的田间试验,将不同密度种植的西洋蓍草与杀真菌剂处理的西洋蓍草进行杂交。随后,两个温室实验评估了西洋蓍草对土壤的抑制作用是否会扩散到用于恢复的本地物种上。与播种 3 年后相比,5 年后的恢复项目中西洋蓍草的覆盖率较低,但可致病的真菌类群的相对丰度却较高,尤其是冠腐真菌(Paraphoma spp.)。随着时间的推移,实验地块中的 Paraphoma 数量增加,与西洋蓍草的衰退相吻合。衰退的发生与密度有关,在蓍草密度较高的植物群落中发生得更快。与对照地块相比,杀真菌剂的施用改变了真菌病原体群落,提高了西洋蓍草的覆盖率。在温室中,使用杀真菌剂后,西洋蓍草长得更大,这与抑制真菌病原体是一致的。然而,在西洋蓍草调节土壤中生长的本地植物的生物量并未受到杀真菌剂的影响,这表明病原体并未扩散。西洋蓍草生长迅速,竞争力强,但随后会因病原体引起衰退,因此只要病原体具有物种特异性,西洋蓍草就会成为一种有吸引力的早期过渡性 "桥梁物种"。我们的研究结果表明,植物与土壤之间的负反馈会导致个别物种的快速衰退,考虑植物与土壤之间的反馈可以提高恢复的可预测性。
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来源期刊
Restoration Ecology
Restoration Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
15.60%
发文量
226
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Restoration Ecology fosters the exchange of ideas among the many disciplines involved with ecological restoration. Addressing global concerns and communicating them to the international research community and restoration practitioners, the journal is at the forefront of a vital new direction in science, ecology, and policy. Original papers describe experimental, observational, and theoretical studies on terrestrial, marine, and freshwater systems, and are considered without taxonomic bias. Contributions span the natural sciences, including ecological and biological aspects, as well as the restoration of soil, air and water when set in an ecological context; and the social sciences, including cultural, philosophical, political, educational, economic and historical aspects. Edited by a distinguished panel, the journal continues to be a major conduit for researchers to publish their findings in the fight to not only halt ecological damage, but also to ultimately reverse it.
期刊最新文献
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