Legacy effects of Phragmites australis and herbicide treatments can reduce survival but do not prevent native plant establishment

IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Restoration Ecology Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI:10.1111/rec.14267
Audrey Bowe, Zachary Simek, Andrea Dávalos, Bernd Blossey
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Abstract

Introduced Phragmites australis represents a widespread threat to North American wetlands. Management agencies invest millions of dollars annually to manage the species, mostly by applying herbicides, to mitigate and prevent negative impacts. The often temporary reduction of P. australis rarely increases native diversity, and long‐term legacy effects of P. australis and repeat herbicide treatments are unknown. We used a coordinated management program targeting mostly small P. australis populations in the Adirondack Park in New York State, United States, to assess the potential for such legacy effects. We planted individuals of three native species as sentinels into treated and untreated, uninvaded reference wetlands after unassisted succession had occurred in treatment areas. Sentinel plants survived and grew in treated areas, suggesting legacy of P. australis and its management did not permanently limit establishment of native plants. However, responses were variable among sentinel species, with negative or neutral impacts on survival rates and neutral or positive effects on growth. Species‐specific responses and large variation in survival rates between sites and sentinels indicate that site factors are a dominant influence on survival and growth. Importantly, as treatment frequency increased, survival of one sentinel species decreased significantly, indicating a potential for long‐term negative impacts of repeated herbicide applications. Additional replanting after P. australis treatment and initial unassisted plant succession may enable more diverse plant communities to return, including species not able to recruit from local seed banks or seed sources. However, it remains unclear if active transplanting will enable more long‐term suppression of P. australis.
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Phragmites australis 的遗留影响和除草剂处理会降低存活率,但不会阻止本地植物的建立
引入的葭藻对北美湿地构成了广泛的威胁。管理机构每年投入数百万美元来管理该物种,主要是通过施用除草剂来减轻和防止负面影响。P. australis 的减少往往是暂时的,很少会增加本地多样性,而且 P. australis 和重复除草剂处理的长期遗留影响尚不清楚。我们在美国纽约州阿迪朗达克公园(Adirondack Park)实施了一项协调管理计划,主要针对小规模的 P. australis 种群,以评估这种遗留影响的可能性。我们将三种本地物种的个体作为哨兵种植到经过处理和未经过处理、未被侵占的参照湿地中,然后在处理区域进行无助演替。哨兵植物在处理过的区域存活并生长,这表明 P. australis 的遗留影响及其管理并没有永久性地限制本地植物的建立。不过,哨兵物种之间的反应各不相同,对存活率的影响是负面或中性的,对生长的影响是中性或正面的。特定物种的反应以及不同地点和哨兵之间存活率的巨大差异表明,地点因素是影响存活和生长的主要因素。重要的是,随着处理频率的增加,一种哨兵物种的存活率显著下降,这表明重复施用除草剂可能会产生长期负面影响。在 P. australis 处理和最初的无助植物演替之后进行更多的重新种植,可能会使植物群落恢复更多样化,包括无法从当地种子库或种子源招募的物种。不过,目前还不清楚积极移植是否能更长期地抑制 P. australis。
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来源期刊
Restoration Ecology
Restoration Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
15.60%
发文量
226
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Restoration Ecology fosters the exchange of ideas among the many disciplines involved with ecological restoration. Addressing global concerns and communicating them to the international research community and restoration practitioners, the journal is at the forefront of a vital new direction in science, ecology, and policy. Original papers describe experimental, observational, and theoretical studies on terrestrial, marine, and freshwater systems, and are considered without taxonomic bias. Contributions span the natural sciences, including ecological and biological aspects, as well as the restoration of soil, air and water when set in an ecological context; and the social sciences, including cultural, philosophical, political, educational, economic and historical aspects. Edited by a distinguished panel, the journal continues to be a major conduit for researchers to publish their findings in the fight to not only halt ecological damage, but also to ultimately reverse it.
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