The interplay between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and implications for host health and disease.

IF 12.2 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Gut Microbes Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI:10.1080/19490976.2024.2393270
Kallie E Hays,Jacob M Pfaffinger,Rebecca Ryznar
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Abstract

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) - acetate, propionate, and butyrate - are important bacterial fermentation metabolites regulating many important aspects of human physiology. Decreases in the concentrations of any or multiple SCFAs are associated with various detrimental effects to the host. Previous research has broadly focused on gut microbiome produced SCFAs as a group, with minimal distinction between acetate, propionate, and butyrate independently, each with significantly different host effects. In this review, we comprehensively delineate the roles of these SCFAs with emphasis on receptor affinity, signaling pathway involvement, and net host physiologic effects. Butyrate is highlighted due to its unique role in gastrointestinal-associated functions, especially maintaining gut barrier integrity. Butyrate functions by promoting epithelial tight junctions, serving as fuel for colonocyte ATP production, and modulating the immune system. Interaction with the immune system occurs locally in the gastrointestinal tract and systemically in the brain. Investigation into research conducted on butyrate production pathways and specific bacterial players involved highlights a unique risk associated with use of gram-positive targeted antibiotics. We review and discuss evidence showing the relationship between the butyrate-producing gram-positive genus, Roseburia, and susceptibility to commonly prescribed, widely used gram-positive antibiotics. Considering gut microbiome implications when choosing antibiotic therapy may benefit health outcomes in patients.
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肠道微生物群、短链脂肪酸之间的相互作用及其对宿主健康和疾病的影响。
短链脂肪酸(SCFA)--醋酸酯、丙酸酯和丁酸酯--是重要的细菌发酵代谢产物,对人体生理的许多重要方面起着调节作用。任何一种或多种 SCFAs 浓度的降低都会对宿主产生各种不利影响。以往的研究主要集中于肠道微生物组产生的 SCFAs,而很少区分独立的乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐,它们对宿主的影响大不相同。在这篇综述中,我们全面阐述了这些 SCFAs 的作用,重点是受体亲和力、信号通路参与和对宿主生理的净影响。丁酸盐因其在胃肠道相关功能中的独特作用,尤其是在维持肠道屏障完整性方面的作用而受到重视。丁酸盐通过促进上皮紧密连接、作为结肠细胞产生 ATP 的燃料以及调节免疫系统来发挥作用。丁酸盐与免疫系统的相互作用发生在胃肠道局部和大脑系统。对丁酸盐产生途径和所涉及的特定细菌参与者进行的调查显示,使用革兰氏阳性靶向抗生素会带来独特的风险。我们回顾并讨论了一些证据,这些证据显示了产生丁酸盐的革兰氏阳性菌属罗斯伯菌与对常用处方、广泛使用的革兰氏阳性抗生素的敏感性之间的关系。在选择抗生素治疗时考虑肠道微生物组的影响可能会有利于患者的健康结果。
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来源期刊
Gut Microbes
Gut Microbes Medicine-Microbiology (medical)
CiteScore
18.20
自引率
3.30%
发文量
196
审稿时长
10 weeks
期刊介绍: The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in human physiology, influencing various aspects of health and disease such as nutrition, obesity, brain function, allergic responses, immunity, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, cancer development, cardiac disease, liver disease, and more. Gut Microbes serves as a platform for showcasing and discussing state-of-the-art research related to the microorganisms present in the intestine. The journal emphasizes mechanistic and cause-and-effect studies. Additionally, it has a counterpart, Gut Microbes Reports, which places a greater focus on emerging topics and comparative and incremental studies.
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