Initial Insights into Teleworking’s Effect on Air Quality in Madrid City

Jorge Bañuelos-Gimeno, Natalia Sobrino, Rosa Arce-Ruiz
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Abstract

Commuting to work by private vehicle is one of the main sources of air pollution in cities, mainly from NO2 and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). With the spread of telework, traffic congestion during peak hours is reduced on certain days of the week, improving air quality. This study analyzes the relationship between the improvement of air quality and urban traffic resulting from teleworking activities after the COVID-19 pandemic in Madrid, Spain. This article considers road traffic and teleworking before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018 and 2019), during the pandemic (2020 and 2021) and in the period after (2022 and 2023) in the city center and the influence on certain environmental factors. Daily NO2, PM2.5, PM10, and O3 concentration data were collected at air quality stations in Madrid municipality, and traffic data and some meteorological variables such as wind speed, precipitation and temperature were considered. When conducting correlation and regression analysis among the variables, there is a clear association between NO2 and traffic before the pandemic, which is lower for both PM and O3. This correlation was maintained during the pandemic, except for O3, the association of which increased during this period and then decreased in the later period due to various motives. These results seem to indicate the existence of a relevant relationship between urban mobility and air quality and an especially relevant relationship with telework, suggesting the need for policies aimed at promoting sustainable mobility in the future.
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远程办公对马德里市空气质量影响的初步认识
私家车上下班是城市空气污染的主要来源之一,主要是二氧化氮和颗粒物(PM2.5 和 PM10)。随着远程办公的普及,每周某些天高峰时段的交通拥堵现象会减少,从而改善空气质量。本研究分析了西班牙马德里 COVID-19 大流行后,远程办公活动带来的空气质量改善与城市交通之间的关系。本文研究了 COVID-19 大流行之前(2018 年和 2019 年)、大流行期间(2020 年和 2021 年)以及大流行之后(2022 年和 2023 年)市中心的道路交通和远程办公情况,以及对某些环境因素的影响。在马德里市空气质量站收集了每日 NO2、PM2.5、PM10 和 O3 浓度数据,并考虑了交通数据和一些气象变量,如风速、降水和温度。在对各变量进行相关性和回归分析时发现,大流行前,二氧化氮与交通流量之间存在明显的关联,而可吸入颗粒物和臭氧浓度则较低。在大流行期间,这种相关性保持不变,只有 O3 除外,其相关性在此期间有所上升,但在后期由于各种原因又有所下降。这些结果似乎表明,城市交通与空气质量之间存在相关关系,尤其是与远程工作之间的关系,这表明今后需要制定旨在促进可持续交通的政策。
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