Influence of carbon percentage on the wear and friction characteristics of ATOMET 4601 alloys in heavy-duty machinery

IF 2.3 4区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1177/09544089241283285

K Palaksha Reddy, T.K. Kandavel, V.M. Sreehari

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Abstract

Heavy-duty machinery demands materials with strong wear resistance and good frictional properties, which conventional materials often lack. The knowledge of PM alloys’ friction and wear characteristics versus standard steel materials is limited. ATOMET 4601, a high-strength prealloyed powder with excellent compressibility, allows for parts with densities over 6.8 g/cm³. Carbon (0, 0.5, 1.0 wt.%) was added to enhance performance. These alloys, compacted to 75% of theoretical density and sintered at 1100 ± 10°C, were tested for wear and friction against EN31 steel. Results showed carbon improved tribological performance, with ATOMET 4601 + 1.0%C exhibiting the best wear resistance. Regression models and interaction plots indicated significant effects of load and speed on wear rate and coefficient of friction. Microstructural analysis revealed carbides and oxides in the ferrite matrix, with adhesive, abrasive, and oxidative wear as primary mechanisms.

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碳百分比对重型机械中 ATOMET 4601 合金的磨损和摩擦特性的影响

重型机械要求材料具有很强的耐磨性和良好的摩擦性能，而传统材料往往缺乏这些性能。人们对 PM 合金与标准钢材的摩擦和磨损特性了解有限。ATOMET 4601 是一种高强度预合金粉末，具有极佳的可压缩性，可制成密度超过 6.8 g/cm³ 的零件。为了提高性能，还添加了碳（0、0.5、1.0 wt.%）。这些合金被压制到理论密度的 75%，并在 1100 ± 10°C 的温度下烧结，与 EN31 钢进行了磨损和摩擦测试。结果表明，碳提高了摩擦学性能，其中 ATOMET 4601 + 1.0%C 的耐磨性最好。回归模型和交互图表明，载荷和速度对磨损率和摩擦系数有显著影响。微观结构分析表明，铁素体基体中存在碳化物和氧化物，粘着磨损、磨料磨损和氧化磨损是主要的磨损机制。

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来源期刊

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

16.70%

发文量

370

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering publishes high-quality, peer-reviewed papers covering a broad area of mechanical engineering activities associated with the design and operation of process equipment.