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Tailoring mechanical, microstructural and toughening characteristics of plasma-sprayed graphene-reinforced samarium niobate coatings for extreme environments 为极端环境定制等离子喷涂石墨烯增强铌酸钐涂层的机械、微结构和增韧特性
IF 2.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1177/09544089241279724
Satyajeet Kumar, Shailesh Mani Pandey
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are advanced ceramic layers applied to metal components to provide insulation and protection against high temperatures in extreme operating environments. This study investigated the effects of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) reinforcement on samarium niobate (SN: SmNbO4) TBCs for extreme environments. Four ceramic top coat compositions were plasma-sprayed onto Inconel 718 substrates: Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), SmNbO4 (SN), and SN reinforced with 1 and 1.5 wt% GNPs (SN-1GNP, SN-1.5GNP). The research examined microstructural characteristics, phase evolution, mechanical properties and toughening mechanisms. GNP reinforcement significantly improved coating density, with SN-1.5GNP reaching 97.4 ± 1.64% compared to 91.3 ± 1.69% for SN and 86.6 ± 1.47% for YSZ. Hardness and elastic modulus were enhanced by 86.38% and 57.91% for SN-1GNP, and 101.09% and 65.23% for SN-1.5GNP respectively. Moreover, fracture toughness experienced a significant increase from 1.86 ± 0.4 to 5.48 ± 0.7 MPa·m1/2, facilitated by toughening mechanisms, like splat bridging, GNP pull-out, crack arrest and ferroelastic domain switching. Additionally, the SN-1.5GNP coating exhibited a higher adhesion strength of 36.84 MPa, thereby leading to improved layer distribution and lesser chance of delamination. Compared to YSZ, these findings suggest that GNP-reinforced SN coatings offer enhanced performance for extreme environment applications.
热障涂层(TBC)是一种应用于金属部件的先进陶瓷层,可在极端工作环境中提供隔热和耐高温保护。本研究调查了石墨烯纳米板(GNP)增强对极端环境下铌酸钐(SN:SmNbO4)TBC 的影响。在因科镍合金 718 基材上采用等离子喷涂了四种陶瓷面层成分:它们分别是钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)、SmNbO4(SN)和添加了 1 和 1.5 wt% GNP 的 SN(SN-1GNP、SN-1.5GNP)。研究考察了微观结构特征、相变、机械性能和增韧机制。GNP 增强明显提高了涂层密度,SN-1.5GNP 的涂层密度达到 97.4 ± 1.64%,而 SN 和 YSZ 的涂层密度分别为 91.3 ± 1.69% 和 86.6 ± 1.47%。SN-1GNP 的硬度和弹性模量分别提高了 86.38% 和 57.91%,SN-1.5GNP 分别提高了 101.09% 和 65.23%。此外,断裂韧性也从 1.86 ± 0.4 MPa-m1/2 显著提高到 5.48 ± 0.7 MPa-m1/2,这得益于溅射桥接、GNP 拔出、裂纹捕捉和铁弹性域切换等增韧机制。此外,SN-1.5GNP 涂层的附着强度更高,达到 36.84 兆帕,从而改善了层分布,降低了分层的几率。与 YSZ 相比,这些研究结果表明,GNP 增强 SN 涂层在极端环境应用中具有更高的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of carbon percentage on the wear and friction characteristics of ATOMET 4601 alloys in heavy-duty machinery 碳百分比对重型机械中 ATOMET 4601 合金的磨损和摩擦特性的影响
IF 2.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1177/09544089241283285
K Palaksha Reddy, T.K. Kandavel, V.M. Sreehari
Heavy-duty machinery demands materials with strong wear resistance and good frictional properties, which conventional materials often lack. The knowledge of PM alloys’ friction and wear characteristics versus standard steel materials is limited. ATOMET 4601, a high-strength prealloyed powder with excellent compressibility, allows for parts with densities over 6.8 g/cm³. Carbon (0, 0.5, 1.0 wt.%) was added to enhance performance. These alloys, compacted to 75% of theoretical density and sintered at 1100 ± 10°C, were tested for wear and friction against EN31 steel. Results showed carbon improved tribological performance, with ATOMET 4601 + 1.0%C exhibiting the best wear resistance. Regression models and interaction plots indicated significant effects of load and speed on wear rate and coefficient of friction. Microstructural analysis revealed carbides and oxides in the ferrite matrix, with adhesive, abrasive, and oxidative wear as primary mechanisms.
重型机械要求材料具有很强的耐磨性和良好的摩擦性能,而传统材料往往缺乏这些性能。人们对 PM 合金与标准钢材的摩擦和磨损特性了解有限。ATOMET 4601 是一种高强度预合金粉末,具有极佳的可压缩性,可制成密度超过 6.8 g/cm³ 的零件。为了提高性能,还添加了碳(0、0.5、1.0 wt.%)。这些合金被压制到理论密度的 75%,并在 1100 ± 10°C 的温度下烧结,与 EN31 钢进行了磨损和摩擦测试。结果表明,碳提高了摩擦学性能,其中 ATOMET 4601 + 1.0%C 的耐磨性最好。回归模型和交互图表明,载荷和速度对磨损率和摩擦系数有显著影响。微观结构分析表明,铁素体基体中存在碳化物和氧化物,粘着磨损、磨料磨损和氧化磨损是主要的磨损机制。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-objective optimization of 3D printing parameters to fabricate TPU for tribological applications 多目标优化 3D 打印参数,制造用于摩擦学应用的热塑性聚氨酯
IF 2.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1177/09544089241279168
Nirmal Garg, Paras Kumar
Nowadays, polymers frequently replace metals in several applications where comparable properties are desired due to the convenience of processing them as per the requirement. The present work intends to fabricate a thermoplastic polyurethane suitable for journal bearing application using fused deposition modelling (FDM) additive manufacturing method. The cylindrical samples were prepared for experiments using central composite design to examine the effect of FDM machine parameters (such as layer thickness, infill density, and printing speed) on response such as specific wear rate (SWR), coefficient of friction (COF) and hardness. Layer thickness was noticed to be the most significant parameter for the selected responses with a percentage contribution of ∼34% to 72%. Further, as observed from interaction plots the COF and SWR are lowest, and hardness is highest at highest infill density and lowest printing speed. To obtain an optimized set of FDM machine parameters for minimum SWR, COF and maximum hardness, genetic algorithm based multi-objective optimization is performed. The optimized values are SWR of 4.97 × 10−5 mm3/N-m, COF of 0.37 and hardness value of 37.
如今,由于可以根据要求方便地进行加工,聚合物在一些需要类似性能的应用中经常取代金属。本研究旨在利用熔融沉积建模(FDM)增材制造方法,制造出适合轴颈轴承应用的热塑性聚氨酯。采用中心复合设计法制备圆柱形样品进行实验,以检验 FDM 机器参数(如层厚度、填充密度和打印速度)对特定磨损率(SWR)、摩擦系数(COF)和硬度等响应的影响。图层厚度是对所选响应最重要的参数,其贡献率在 34% 至 72% 之间。此外,从交互图中可以看出,在填充密度最高、印刷速度最低的情况下,COF 和 SWR 最低,而硬度最高。为了获得最小 SWR、COF 和最大硬度的 FDM 机器参数优化集,进行了基于遗传算法的多目标优化。优化值为 SWR 4.97 × 10-5 mm3/N-m、COF 0.37 和硬度值 37。
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引用次数: 0
Tribological behavior of Ni-based composite coatings produced by cold spray 冷喷法生产的镍基复合涂层的摩擦学行为
IF 2.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1177/09544089241280696
Rohit Kumar Singh Gautam, Vivek Mani Tripathi, Jitendra Kumar Gautam, Subhash Mishra, Hemant Nautiyal, Raj Bahadur Singh, Pushkar Jha, Sudesh Singh
The current experiment examined the friction and wear characteristics of Ni-based composite coatings developed by cold spray route. In the developed coatings, fixed concentration of MoS2 (10 wt. %) and varying concentrations of Ag (5, 10, and 15 wt. %) were incorporated to evaluate the lubricating potential of reinforcing elements. The specimens were slid in various working regimes of loads (6, 11, 16, & 21 N) and at a fixed sliding speed of 0.3 m/s under room temperature (RT). According to the investigation, all participating composite coatings have revealed a lower coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate as the testing load increased from 6 to 16 N, beyond which a reverse trend was recorded till 21 N. However, composite coating with 10 wt. % Ag has shown excellent tribological properties in terms of the lowest COF (0.29) as well as wear rate (4.0 × 10−5 mm3/Nm) at 16 N and 0.3 m/s. The superior tribological characteristics of the aforesaid coating have been explained and well connected to the synergistic effect of solid lubricants (Ag and MoS2) as well as the optimal weight percent of Ag in the creation of tribo layer on the wear track.
本实验研究了通过冷喷工艺开发的镍基复合涂层的摩擦和磨损特性。在开发的涂层中,加入了固定浓度的 MoS2(10 wt.%)和不同浓度的 Ag(5、10 和 15 wt.%),以评估增强元素的润滑潜力。在室温(RT)条件下,试样以 0.3 米/秒的固定滑动速度在不同载荷(6、11、16、&;21 牛顿)下滑动。调查显示,随着测试载荷从 6 牛顿增加到 16 牛顿,所有参与研究的复合涂层都显示出较低的摩擦系数(COF)和磨损率,超过这一载荷后,在 21 牛顿之前则出现了相反的趋势。上述涂层之所以具有优异的摩擦学特性,与固体润滑剂(Ag 和 MoS2)的协同作用以及在磨损轨道上形成三聚层时最佳的 Ag 重量百分比密切相关。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-fidelity multidisciplinary meta-model based optimization of a slender body with fins 基于多保真多学科元模型的带鳍细长体优化设计
IF 2.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1177/09544089241279024
Saidi Noureddine, Derbal Salh Eddine, Andrea Magrini, Khalfallah Smail, Cerdoun Mahfoudh, Ernesto Benini
Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) involving aero-elastic simulations still proves challenging for computational cost. This paper proposes a competitive cost-effective multi-fidelity MDO strategy based on two ideas. Firstly, a new multi-fidelity fluid-structure interaction model (MF-FSI) is proposed, allowing a considerable saving of the FSI simulation cost. Secondly, the optimization cost is further reduced using a meta-model approximation of the MF-FSI computations during optimization. Therefore, the MF-FSI model is validated on an experimental case of supersonic projectile fins. Then, it is combined with a meta-model-based optimization strategy (MBO) to improve the fins design. The constrained multi-objective problem aiming to maximize the lift-to-drag ratio and minimize the fin mass is solved using both high-fidelity (HFMDO) and multi-fidelity (MFMDO). The results showed that the proposed MFMDO strategy could produce the same optimal solutions as the HFMDO one with a 52% lower cost.
事实证明,涉及航空弹性模拟的多学科设计优化(MDO)在计算成本方面仍具有挑战性。本文基于两个理念,提出了一种具有竞争力的高性价比多保真 MDO 策略。首先,提出了一种新的多保真度流固耦合模型(MF-FSI),从而大大节省了流固耦合模拟成本。其次,在优化过程中,使用元模型近似计算 MF-FSI 可进一步降低优化成本。因此,MF-FSI 模型在超音速弹丸翅片的实验案例中得到了验证。然后,将其与基于元模型的优化策略(MBO)相结合,以改进鳍片设计。利用高保真(HFMDO)和多保真(MFMDO)解决了以升阻比最大化和翅片质量最小化为目标的约束多目标问题。结果表明,所提出的 MFMDO 策略能产生与 HFMDO 相同的最优解,而成本却降低了 52%。
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引用次数: 0
Structural design and dynamic analysis of a metal rubber composite gear pair 金属橡胶复合材料齿轮副的结构设计和动态分析
IF 2.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/09544089241274050
Zhibo Geng, Min Chen, Junyang Li, Yanfeng Han
This paper introduces a metal rubber composite gear for gear vibration reduction. A comprehensive structural design calculation program is developed for the metal rubber composite gear pair. The design incorporates a gap between the tooth ring and the hub to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction, ensuring smooth transmission without jamming or seizing. The design process takes into consideration the compression and damping properties of the metal rubber material. A significant variable in the design process is the relative density of the metal rubber material. It is utilized to calculate the torsional stiffness, starting friction torque, and dynamic performance of the composite gear pair. To guide and optimize the design process, a nine-degree-of-freedom dynamic model is employed for dynamic analysis. The vibration reduction effect of the metal rubber composite gear is validated through numerical simulations and experimental testing. The results confirm the efficacy of the gear in reducing vibrations. This paper provides valuable insights and guidance for future designs focused on gear vibration reduction, paving the way for further advancements in this field.
本文介绍了一种用于齿轮减振的金属橡胶复合材料齿轮。为金属橡胶复合齿轮副开发了一套全面的结构设计计算程序。该设计在齿圈和轮毂之间留有间隙,以适应热胀冷缩,确保平稳传动,不会出现卡死或卡住现象。设计过程考虑了金属橡胶材料的压缩和阻尼特性。设计过程中的一个重要变量是金属橡胶材料的相对密度。它用于计算复合齿轮副的扭转刚度、启动摩擦扭矩和动态性能。为了指导和优化设计过程,采用了九自由度动态模型进行动态分析。通过数值模拟和实验测试,验证了金属橡胶复合齿轮的减振效果。结果证实了该齿轮在减少振动方面的功效。本文为未来以齿轮减振为重点的设计提供了宝贵的见解和指导,为这一领域的进一步发展铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Exploration of the dynamics of heated non-Newtonian Casson fluid within an annular region of eccentric cylinders subject to peristaltic motion 受蠕动运动影响的偏心圆柱体环形区域内受热非牛顿卡松流体的动力学探索
IF 2.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/09544089241279215
Aqsa Fayyaz, Zaheer Abbas, Muhammad Yousuf Rafiq
The flow of non-Newtonian fluids is widely observed in industry and biology, for example, enhanced oil recovery, chemical processes such as in distillation towers and fixed-bed reactors and in the applications of pumping fluids such as synthetic lubricants, colloidal fluids, liquid crystals, and biofluids (e.g., animal and human blood). Therefore, the present study delineates the heat transfer analysis of a Casson fluid within the annular region of eccentric cylinders subjected to peristaltic motion, considering the influence of thermal radiation. The outer cylinder remains rigid and moves at a constant speed, while the inner cylinder, featuring a sinusoidal wave along its wall, exhibits flexibility. The governing two-dimensional equations for the movement of the Casson fluid are reformulated under the assumption of the lubrication hypothesis. The perturbation scheme is used to find approximate results for velocity, temperature, and pressure gradient. A graphical representation is utilized to study the fluctuation of various flow fields with different imperative parameters. The results reveal that the liquid velocity declines as the Casson parameter increases, while the temperature decreases due to the amplified effect of thermal radiation. This study has applications in endoscopy, which is important for diagnosing problems in internal organs. Additionally, the variation of the pressure gradient helps maintain the flow rate, which is essential during the insertion of a catheter into an artery.
非牛顿流体的流动在工业和生物领域被广泛观察到,例如提高石油采收率、蒸馏塔和固定床反应器等化学过程以及合成润滑剂、胶体流体、液晶和生物流体(如动物和人体血液)等泵送流体的应用。因此,考虑到热辐射的影响,本研究对偏心圆柱体环形区域内的卡松流体进行了热传导分析。外圆柱体保持刚性并以恒定的速度运动,而内圆柱体则沿其壁产生正弦波,表现出柔性。在润滑假说的假设下,对卡松流体运动的二维支配方程进行了重新表述。利用扰动方案找到了速度、温度和压力梯度的近似结果。利用图形表示法研究了各种流场在不同必要参数下的波动。结果显示,液体速度随着卡松参数的增加而降低,而温度则由于热辐射的放大效应而降低。这项研究可应用于内窥镜检查,这对诊断内脏器官的问题非常重要。此外,压力梯度的变化有助于保持流速,这在将导管插入动脉时至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Investigations on laser-assisted turning of IN625 alloy with hot hardness approach using uncoated and CrAlSiN coated WC tools 使用无涂层和有 CrAlSiN 涂层的 WC 刀具,以热硬法对 IN625 合金进行激光辅助车削的研究
IF 2.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/09544089241279232
Amarendhar Rao, Manish Tak, Narasimha Rao, Krishna Vallleti, Ravi Bathe
This paper presents an investigation into the effect of laser-assisted turning of the IN625 superalloy using uncoated and CrAlSiN nanocomposite-coated tungsten carbide tools. A hot hardness test was conducted for IN625 material, which showed there was a pronounced softening of the material above 850 °C. This exercise guided the choice of laser power for the subsequent laser-assisted turning experiments. The cutting forces (radial/thrust, Fx; axial/feed, Fy; and tangential/cutting, Fz), maximum flank wear (VBBmax), and surface roughness ( Ra) were measured and analyzed for the planned experiments. The results demonstrated that at 2500 W laser power, a 9%, 70%, and 59% reduction of cutting forces for uncoated tools, and a 31%, 77%, and 69% reduction for CrAlSiN coated tools were observed in the Fx, Fy, and Fz directions respectively. At 2250 W laser power, the uncoated tools exhibited a 33% (433–289 µm) reduction in VBBmax and a 28% (1.8–1.3 µm) reduction in Ra. The CrAlSiN-coated tools, at 2500 W laser power, showed even more significant improvements, with reductions of 46% (365–232 µm) in VBBmax and 56% (1.4–0.8 µm) in Ra. The results underline the improved performance of laser-assisted turning for cutting-force and tool-wear reduction and improved surface finish with CrAlSiN-coated tools. This paper presents the potential of laser-assisted machining as a viable method for machining difficult-to-machine materials like IN625, which offers enormous manufacturing productivity and tool life benefits.
本文研究了使用未涂层和 CrAlSiN 纳米复合涂层硬质合金刀具对 IN625 超合金进行激光辅助车削的效果。对 IN625 材料进行了热硬度测试,结果表明材料在 850 °C 以上出现明显软化。这一实验为后续的激光辅助车削实验选择激光功率提供了指导。对计划实验中的切削力(径向/推力,Fx;轴向/进给,Fy;切向/切削,Fz)、最大侧面磨损(VBBmax)和表面粗糙度(Ra)进行了测量和分析。结果表明,在 2500 W 激光功率下,未涂层刀具的切削力在 Fx、Fy 和 Fz 方向上分别降低了 9%、70% 和 59%,CrAlSiN 涂层刀具的切削力则分别降低了 31%、77% 和 69%。在 2250 W 激光功率下,未涂层工具的 VBBmax 降低了 33% (433-289 µm),Ra 降低了 28% (1.8-1.3 µm)。在 2500 W 激光功率下,CrAlSiN 涂层工具的改进更为显著,VBBmax 降低了 46%(365-232 µm),Ra 降低了 56%(1.4-0.8 µm)。这些结果凸显了激光辅助车削在减少切削力和刀具磨损方面的改进性能,以及在使用 CrAlSiN 涂层刀具时表面光洁度的提高。本文介绍了激光辅助加工作为加工 IN625 等难加工材料的一种可行方法的潜力,它具有巨大的生产效率和刀具寿命优势。
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引用次数: 0
An investigation on the effect of alumina nano powder mixed dielectric oil on EDM-assisted precision micro-drilling operation 氧化铝纳米粉末混合介电油对电火花辅助精密微钻孔操作影响的研究
IF 2.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1177/09544089241277715
Deepak Agarwal, Sharad Yadav, Rabesh Kumar Singh, Anuj Kumar Sharma
Micro-holes and drilled workpiece dimensions must be more exact in the modern industrial age. Manufacturing micro-scale electronic devices used in automobiles and aerospace components with thermal sinking properties and bio-medical with germicidal properties requires micro-drilling on copper-like materials. Micro-EDM has emerged as a promising technique for micro-drilling. The primary challenge faced in µ-EDM drilling is the effective elimination of debris (mass of workpiece and tool). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the feasible parametric combination (Discharge Energy, Tool Feed Rate, Tool Rotation, and Nano-Powder) to achieve dimensionally correct with better surface characteristic µ-through holes in copper using tungsten carbide micro electrode in micro-EDM. Furthermore, this study examines the effect of Al2O3 nano-powder mixed dielectric on the process performance aspects. ANOVA and PCA-GRA multi-optimization techniques addressed performance aspects (MRR, TWR, and Machining Time) and dimensional aspects (Overcut, Taper Angle, and Aspect Ratio) with visualization of the surface (Texture and Recast Layer). The experimentation found that nano-powder mixed dielectric highly impacted dimensional aspects (Overcut increased by 55.13%, Taper Angle reduced by 37.9%) by diminishing TWR by 12.2% and aspect Ratio by 3.31%. Furthermore, discharge energy affects MRR by increasing 27.9%, and machining time is reduced by 3.48%. The FESEM micrograph illustrated that surface defects (cracks, voids, discharge bubbles, debris accumulations, etc.) were most eliminated, and recast layer thickness was reduced by 34.4% (at 2.81 µj DE) and 56.6% (at 7.81 µj DE) using nano-powder mixed dielectric application.
在现代工业时代,微孔和钻孔工件的尺寸必须更加精确。制造汽车和航空航天部件中使用的具有散热性能的微型电子设备,以及具有杀菌性能的生物医学设备,都需要在类铜材料上进行微钻孔加工。微电钻已成为一种前景广阔的微钻孔技术。µ-EDM钻孔面临的主要挑战是如何有效地消除碎片(工件和工具的碎片)。因此,本研究旨在研究可行的参数组合(放电能量、刀具进给速率、刀具旋转和纳米粉体),以便在微电火花加工中使用碳化钨微电极在铜上钻出尺寸正确、表面特征更好的 µ 通孔。此外,本研究还考察了 Al2O3 纳米粉体混合电介质对工艺性能方面的影响。方差分析和 PCA-GRA 多重优化技术解决了性能方面(MRR、TWR 和加工时间)和尺寸方面(过切、锥角和纵横比)的问题,并实现了表面可视化(纹理和重铸层)。实验发现,纳米粉体混合电介质对尺寸方面的影响很大(过切增加 55.13%,锥角减少 37.9%),使总重量降低 12.2%,纵横比降低 3.31%。此外,放电能量对 MRR 的影响增加了 27.9%,加工时间缩短了 3.48%。FESEM 显微照片显示,使用纳米粉体混合介电质后,表面缺陷(裂纹、空洞、放电气泡、碎屑堆积等)大部分被消除,重铸层厚度减少了 34.4%(放电能量为 2.81 µj DE 时)和 56.6%(放电能量为 7.81 µj DE 时)。
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引用次数: 0
Microstructure, mechanical and tribological characteristics of AZ91D-HAp-TiB2 hybrid nanocomposites synthesized through the stir casting route 通过搅拌铸造路线合成的 AZ91D-HAp-TiB2 混合纳米复合材料的微观结构、力学和摩擦学特性
IF 2.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/09544089241265898
MD Bindu, PC Shamla, AU Anooja, L Rekha, KK Ramachandran
The aim of this study is to develop a novel magnesium-based nanohybrid composite for potential orthopaedic bioimplant applications. The hybrid nanocomposites were fabricated with AZ91D magnesium alloy as the matrix and hydroxyapatite (HAp) and TiB2 nanoparticles as reinforcements, through the stir casting route. The nanocomposites were synthesized with a fixed concentration of HAp (5 wt%) and different concentrations of TiB2 (2, 4 and 6 wt%). The microstructure of the fabricated composites revealed that the grains are significantly refined with the addition of nanoparticles. The AZ91D-5wt%HAp-2wt%TiB2 hybrid nanocomposite is observed with relatively low porosity, without significant agglomeration of the reinforcement particles, and exhibited the highest tensile and compressive strength with considerably higher ductility than the base AZ91D alloy and the nanocomposites with 4 and 6 wt% TiB2 (about 21% and 34% improvement in compressive and tensile strengths, respectively, compared to the AZ91D alloy). The refinement of grains due to the addition of nanoreinforcements and the alleviation of micro-strain up to a certain extent due to the presence of HAp nanoparticles together with the negligible porosity and agglomeration are the major reasons for the superior strength and ductility. The wear test results showed that the nanocomposite with 2 wt% TiB2 has superior tribological properties. The studies revealed that the AZ91D-5 wt% HAp-2 wt% TiB2 hybrid nanocomposite is a potential material for temporary orthopaedic bioimplants due to its superior strength, ductility, and tribological properties together with the possible enhanced biocompatibility and corrosion resistance due to the presence of HAp particles.
本研究旨在开发一种新型镁基纳米杂化复合材料,用于潜在的骨科生物植入应用。以 AZ91D 镁合金为基体,羟基磷灰石(HAp)和 TiB2 纳米粒子为增强体,通过搅拌铸造工艺制成了混合纳米复合材料。合成的纳米复合材料具有固定浓度的 HAp(5 wt%)和不同浓度的 TiB2(2、4 和 6 wt%)。所制备复合材料的微观结构显示,添加纳米粒子后,晶粒明显细化。观察发现,AZ91D-5wt%HAp-2wt%TiB2 混合纳米复合材料的孔隙率相对较低,增强粒子没有明显聚集,与基 AZ91D 合金和 TiB2 含量分别为 4 和 6 wt% 的纳米复合材料相比(抗压强度和抗拉强度分别提高了约 21% 和 34%),其抗拉强度和抗压强度最高,延展性更高。纳米强化剂的加入使晶粒更加细化,HAp 纳米颗粒的存在在一定程度上缓解了微应变,同时孔隙率和团聚现象几乎可以忽略不计,这些都是纳米复合材料具有优异强度和延展性的主要原因。磨损测试结果表明,含有 2 wt% TiB2 的纳米复合材料具有优异的摩擦学特性。研究结果表明,AZ91D-5 wt% HAp-2 wt% TiB2 混合纳米复合材料具有优异的强度、延展性和摩擦学特性,而且由于含有 HAp 颗粒,生物相容性和耐腐蚀性可能会增强,因此是一种具有潜力的临时骨科生物植入物材料。
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Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering
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