Heavy metal contamination in eggs on poultry farms and ecological risk assessment around a gold mine area in northern Thailand.

IF 3.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Environmental Geochemistry and Health Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI:10.1007/s10653-024-02215-9

Paweena Aendo, Rachaneekorn Mingkhwan, Kamonthip Senachai, Nayika Pinniam, Kamonrat Sonthong, Phitsanu Tulayakul

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the Hg, Pb, Cd, and Mn levels in egg feed, soil, and water among laying hens, laying ducks, and free-grazing duck farms in contaminated and uncontaminated areas. This study revealed that the Hg concentration in the eggs of free-grazing ducks was significantly greater than that in the eggs of laying hens and ducks in both contaminated and uncontaminated areas. However, the Pb and Mn levels in the eggs of laying ducks and free-grazing ducks were significantly greater than those in the eggs of laying hens in the contaminated area. Unfortunately, the Hg, Pb, Cd, and Mn concentrations in the feed, soil, and water from these three farms in both areas were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Hg and Cd were confirmed to be enriched in the egg albumin fraction, while Pb and Mn were found mainly in the egg yolk. However, egg consumption from free-grazing duck farms was the riskiest to Hg, Pb, and Mn contamination in the contaminated area. Additionally, the ecological risk factor (ER) in the soil revealed that all the farms were at considerable to high environmental risk for Cd except for Hg and Pb. Although the potential ecological risk index (RI) indicated a moderate risk for all farms in both contaminated and uncontaminated areas, these results were not consistent with our hypothesis. Therefore, the information gained in this study could be useful for setting up mitigation strategies and making decisions about public health concerns related to health hazards, especially for ecological risk assessments of heavy metal contamination.

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泰国北部金矿区周围家禽养殖场鸡蛋中的重金属污染和生态风险评估。

本研究旨在分析和比较受污染地区和未受污染地区的蛋鸡、蛋鸭和散养鸭场的蛋饲料、土壤和水中的汞、铅、镉和锰含量。研究发现，无论是受污染地区还是未受污染地区，散养鸭蛋中的汞浓度都明显高于蛋鸡和鸭蛋中的汞浓度。然而，蛋鸭和散养鸭蛋中的铅和锰含量则明显高于受污染地区蛋鸡蛋中的铅和锰含量。遗憾的是，两个地区三个养殖场的饲料、土壤和水中的汞、铅、镉和锰浓度均无明显差异（P > 0.05）。经证实，汞和镉富集在鸡蛋白蛋白部分，而铅和锰则主要存在于蛋黄中。然而，在受污染地区，食用来自放养鸭场的鸡蛋受到汞、铅和锰污染的风险最大。此外，土壤中的生态风险因子（ER）显示，除了汞和铅之外，所有养殖场的镉环境风险都相当高。虽然潜在生态风险指数（RI）显示，受污染和未受污染地区的所有农场都面临中等风险，但这些结果与我们的假设并不一致。因此，本研究获得的信息有助于制定缓解策略，并就与健康危害相关的公共卫生问题做出决策，特别是重金属污染的生态风险评估。

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来源期刊

Environmental Geochemistry and Health 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

4.80%

发文量

279

审稿时长

4.2 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Geochemistry and Health publishes original research papers and review papers across the broad field of environmental geochemistry. Environmental geochemistry and health establishes and explains links between the natural or disturbed chemical composition of the earth’s surface and the health of plants, animals and people. Beneficial elements regulate or promote enzymatic and hormonal activity whereas other elements may be toxic. Bedrock geochemistry controls the composition of soil and hence that of water and vegetation. Environmental issues, such as pollution, arising from the extraction and use of mineral resources, are discussed. The effects of contaminants introduced into the earth’s geochemical systems are examined. Geochemical surveys of soil, water and plants show how major and trace elements are distributed geographically. Associated epidemiological studies reveal the possibility of causal links between the natural or disturbed geochemical environment and disease. Experimental research illuminates the nature or consequences of natural or disturbed geochemical processes. The journal particularly welcomes novel research linking environmental geochemistry and health issues on such topics as: heavy metals (including mercury), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and mixed chemicals emitted through human activities, such as uncontrolled recycling of electronic-waste; waste recycling; surface-atmospheric interaction processes (natural and anthropogenic emissions, vertical transport, deposition, and physical-chemical interaction) of gases and aerosols; phytoremediation/restoration of contaminated sites; food contamination and safety; environmental effects of medicines; effects and toxicity of mixed pollutants; speciation of heavy metals/metalloids; effects of mining; disturbed geochemistry from human behavior, natural or man-made hazards; particle and nanoparticle toxicology; risk and the vulnerability of populations, etc.