Accelerating wheat improvement through trait characterization: advances and perspectives.

IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Physiologia plantarum Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1111/ppl.14544
Rajib Roychowdhury, Arindam Ghatak, Manoj Kumar, Kajal Samantara, Wolfram Weckwerth, Palak Chaturvedi
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Abstract

Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a primary dietary staple food for humanity. Many wheat genetic resources with variable genomes have a record of domestication history and are widespread throughout the world. To develop elite wheat varieties, agronomical and stress-responsive trait characterization is foremost for evaluating existing germplasm to promote breeding. However, genomic complexity is one of the primary impediments to trait mining and characterization. Multiple reference genomes and cutting-edge technologies like haplotype mapping, genomic selection, precise gene editing tools, high-throughput phenotyping platforms, high-efficiency genetic transformation systems, and speed-breeding facilities are transforming wheat functional genomics research to understand the genomic diversity of polyploidy. This review focuses on the research achievements in wheat genomics, the available omics approaches, and bioinformatic resources developed in the past decades. Advances in genomics and system biology approaches are highlighted to circumvent bottlenecks in genomic and phenotypic selection, as well as gene transfer. In addition, we propose conducting precise functional genomic studies and developing sustainable breeding strategies for wheat. These developments in understanding wheat traits have speed up the creation of high-yielding, stress-resistant, and nutritionally enhanced wheat varieties, which will help in addressing global food security and agricultural sustainability in the era of climate change.

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通过性状表征加速小麦改良:进展与展望。
小麦(Triticum spp.)许多具有可变基因组的小麦遗传资源都有驯化历史记录,并广泛分布于世界各地。要培育出优良的小麦品种,农艺性状和胁迫反应性状的表征是评估现有种质资源以促进育种的首要条件。然而,基因组的复杂性是性状挖掘和表征的主要障碍之一。多参考基因组以及单倍型图谱、基因组选择、精确基因编辑工具、高通量表型平台、高效遗传转化系统和快速育种设施等尖端技术正在改变小麦功能基因组学研究,以了解多倍体的基因组多样性。本综述重点介绍过去几十年中小麦基因组学的研究成果、可用的表型学方法和生物信息学资源。重点介绍了基因组学和系统生物学方法的进展,以规避基因组和表型选择以及基因转移方面的瓶颈。此外,我们还建议开展精确的功能基因组研究,并制定可持续的小麦育种战略。在了解小麦性状方面取得的这些进展将加快培育高产、抗逆和营养强化的小麦品种,这将有助于在气候变化时代解决全球粮食安全和农业可持续发展问题。
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来源期刊
Physiologia plantarum
Physiologia plantarum 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
3.10%
发文量
224
审稿时长
3.9 months
期刊介绍: Physiologia Plantarum is an international journal committed to publishing the best full-length original research papers that advance our understanding of primary mechanisms of plant development, growth and productivity as well as plant interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment. All organisational levels of experimental plant biology – from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and biophysics to ecophysiology and global change biology – fall within the scope of the journal. The content is distributed between 5 main subject areas supervised by Subject Editors specialised in the respective domain: (1) biochemistry and metabolism, (2) ecophysiology, stress and adaptation, (3) uptake, transport and assimilation, (4) development, growth and differentiation, (5) photobiology and photosynthesis.
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