Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in Norway: predominance of C. parvum and emergence of C. mortiferum.

IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Emerging Microbes & Infections Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-13 DOI:10.1080/22221751.2024.2412624
Jahid Hasan Tipu, Audun Sivertsen, Jan-Egil Afset, Lars Sandven, Hanne Brekke, Hilde Marie Lund, Linnea Sofie Elburg, Peter Gaustad, Tore Lier, Liv Reidun Tverelv, Øystein Haarklau Johansen, Lucy J Robertson, Kurt Hanevik
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Abstract

PCR-based diagnostics has revealed the previously largely unknown Cryptosporidium transmission and infections in high-income countries. This study aimed to determine domestic and imported subtypes of Cryptosporidium species in Norway, evaluate their demographic distribution, and identify potential small outbreaks. Cryptosporidium-positive human faecal samples were obtained from six medical microbiology laboratories between February 2022 and January 2024, together with 22 Cryptosporidium-positive animal samples. Species and subtypes were identified by sequencing PCR products from gp60 and SSU rRNA genes. Most cryptosporidiosis cases occurred during late summer/early autumn, primarily in children and young adults. Of 550 human samples, 359 were successfully characterized molecularly (65%), revealing infection with 10 different Cryptosporidium species. C. parvum occurred in 245 (68%) human isolates with IIa and IId being major allele families, with distinct regional distribution patterns of common subtypes. A kindergarten outbreak with 5 cases was due to C. parvum IIaA14G1R1. C. mortiferum was identified in 33 (9.2%) human cases of which 24 were known to be of domestic origin, making it the second most common species in human autochthonous cases in Norway. All C. mortiferum isolates were of the same genotype; XIVaA20G2T1, including 13 cases from a suspected small outbreak in Trøndelag. C. hominis occurred in 68 typed cases (19%), but mostly in infections acquired abroad, with allele families Ib and If occurring most often. In conclusion, this study of recent Cryptosporidium spp. and subtypes in Norway, highlights the predominance of C. parvum and the emergence of C. mortiferum among autochthonous cases.

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挪威的隐孢子虫种类和亚型:C.parvum的优势和C.mortiferum的出现。
摘要 基于 PCR 的诊断方法揭示了隐孢子虫在高收入国家的传播和感染情况。本研究旨在确定挪威国内和进口的隐孢子虫亚型,评估其人口分布情况,并确定潜在的小规模爆发。2022 年 2 月至 2024 年 1 月期间,从六个医学微生物实验室获得了隐孢子虫阳性人类粪便样本,以及 22 份隐孢子虫阳性动物样本。通过对 gp60 和 SSU rRNA 基因的 PCR 产物进行测序,确定了隐孢子虫的种类和亚型。大多数隐孢子虫病病例发生在夏末秋初,主要是儿童和青壮年。在 550 份人体样本中,有 359 份样本(65%)成功通过分子鉴定,发现感染了 10 种不同的隐孢子虫。在 245 份(68%)人体分离样本中发现了副猪嗜血杆菌,其中 IIa 和 IId 是主要等位基因家族,常见亚型的地区分布模式各不相同。在幼儿园爆发的 5 起病例中,副噬菌体 IIaA14G1R1 是病原菌。在33例(9.2%)人类病例中发现了C. mortiferum,其中24例已知来自家庭,这使其成为挪威人类自发病例中第二常见的物种。所有C. mortiferum分离株的基因型都相同:XIVaA20G2T1,其中13例疑似来自特伦德拉格(Trøndelag)的小规模疫情。在 68 个分型病例(19%)中出现了人嗜血杆菌,但大多数是在国外感染的,等位基因系 Ib 和 If 最常出现。总之,这项关于挪威近期隐孢子虫属和亚型的研究突出表明,在本地病例中,副猪嗜血杆菌占主导地位,但也出现了人嗜血杆菌。
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来源期刊
Emerging Microbes & Infections
Emerging Microbes & Infections IMMUNOLOGY-MICROBIOLOGY
CiteScore
26.20
自引率
2.30%
发文量
276
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Emerging Microbes & Infections is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to publishing research at the intersection of emerging immunology and microbiology viruses. The journal's mission is to share information on microbes and infections, particularly those gaining significance in both biological and clinical realms due to increased pathogenic frequency. Emerging Microbes & Infections is committed to bridging the scientific gap between developed and developing countries. This journal addresses topics of critical biological and clinical importance, including but not limited to: - Epidemic surveillance - Clinical manifestations - Diagnosis and management - Cellular and molecular pathogenesis - Innate and acquired immune responses between emerging microbes and their hosts - Drug discovery - Vaccine development research Emerging Microbes & Infections invites submissions of original research articles, review articles, letters, and commentaries, fostering a platform for the dissemination of impactful research in the field.
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