Effects of school closure on lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile: A time-matched analysis

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pediatric Obesity Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI:10.1111/ijpo.13182

Mónica Suárez-Reyes, Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo, Daiana Quintiliano, Anna Cristina Pinheiro, Tito Pizarro

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Abstract

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic led to school closures, potentially impairing children's behaviours and health. We aimed to explore the effects of school closure on lifestyle behaviours (dietary habits, physical activity) and health outcomes (adiposity, fitness, self-esteem, self-concept) in children.

Methods

We measured 247 children before school closure (October–November 2019) and after school reopening (October–November 2021) (COVID-19 group). To distinguish the changes due to school closure from changes due to growth, we included 655 age-matched children with cross-sectional measurements in October–November 2019 (control group). The response of this group (i.e., differences between children with 2 years of difference) was considered the expected response to growth. Two-way ANOVA was used to test age-by-group interactions, indicating an effect of school closure.

Results

In 7-to-9-year-old children, the COVID-19 group had larger-than-expected decreases in physical activity (by 0.4 points), resulting in higher physical inactivity prevalence (by 19 percent points) at 9 years. This was accompanied by larger-than-expected increases in fat percentage (by 6.1 percent point). In 8-to-10-year-old children, the COVID-19 group had higher physical inactivity prevalence at 10 years (by 20 percent points). This was accompanied by larger-than-expected increases in fat percentage (by 8.3 percent points), z-score BMI (by 0.90 units), and waist circumference (by 6.1 cm). In 9-to-11-year-old children, the COVID-19 group had larger-than-expected decreases in physical activity (by 0.3 points) and increases in self-concept (by 0.2 points). The response in dietary habits, fitness, or self-esteem was not different between groups.

Conclusion

Overall, school closure negatively impacted physical activity and adiposity, particularly in the youngest children.

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智利 COVID-19 大流行期间学校关闭对儿童生活方式行为和健康结果的影响：时间匹配分析。

背景：COVID-19 大流行导致学校关闭，可能会损害儿童的行为和健康。我们旨在探讨学校关闭对儿童生活方式行为（饮食习惯、体育活动）和健康结果（脂肪率、体能、自尊、自我概念）的影响：我们在学校关闭前（2019 年 10 月至 11 月）和学校重新开放后（2021 年 10 月至 11 月）对 247 名儿童进行了测量（COVID-19 组）。为了区分学校关闭引起的变化和成长引起的变化，我们纳入了 655 名年龄匹配的儿童，他们在 2019 年 10 月至 11 月进行了横截面测量（对照组）。该组的反应（即相差 2 岁的儿童之间的差异）被视为对增长的预期反应。采用双向方差分析来检验各年龄组之间的交互作用，以显示学校关闭的影响：结果：在 7-9 岁的儿童中，COVID-19 组儿童的体育活动减少率（0.4 个百分点）高于预期，导致 9 岁儿童的体育活动缺乏率较高（19 个百分点）。与此同时，脂肪比例的增加也高于预期（增加了 6.1 个百分点）。在 8 到 10 岁的儿童中，COVID-19 组在 10 岁时身体不活动率较高（增加了 20 个百分点）。与此同时，脂肪率（增加 8.3 个百分点）、Z 值体重指数（增加 0.90 个单位）和腰围（增加 6.1 厘米）的增幅也高于预期。在 9-11 岁的儿童中，COVID-19 组的体力活动减少（0.3 个百分点）和自我概念增加（0.2 个百分点）的幅度高于预期。各组在饮食习惯、体能或自尊方面的反应没有差异：总体而言，学校关闭对体育锻炼和肥胖有负面影响，尤其是对年龄最小的儿童。

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来源期刊

Pediatric Obesity PEDIATRICS-

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

5.30%

发文量

117

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Pediatric Obesity is a peer-reviewed, monthly journal devoted to research into obesity during childhood and adolescence. The topic is currently at the centre of intense interest in the scientific community, and is of increasing concern to health policy-makers and the public at large. Pediatric Obesity has established itself as the leading journal for high quality papers in this field, including, but not limited to, the following: Genetic, molecular, biochemical and physiological aspects of obesity – basic, applied and clinical studies relating to mechanisms of the development of obesity throughout the life course and the consequent effects of obesity on health outcomes Metabolic consequences of child and adolescent obesity Epidemiological and population-based studies of child and adolescent overweight and obesity Measurement and diagnostic issues in assessing child and adolescent adiposity, physical activity and nutrition Clinical management of children and adolescents with obesity including studies of treatment and prevention Co-morbidities linked to child and adolescent obesity – mechanisms, assessment, and treatment Life-cycle factors eg familial, intrauterine and developmental aspects of child and adolescent obesity Nutrition security and the "double burden" of obesity and malnutrition Health promotion strategies around the issues of obesity, nutrition and physical activity in children and adolescents Community and public health measures to prevent overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.