An Overview of Microorganisms Immobilized in a Gel Structure for the Production of Precursors, Antibiotics, and Valuable Products.

IF 5 3区 化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Gels Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI:10.3390/gels10100646
Dmitriy Berillo, Turganova Malika, Baiken B Baimakhanova, Amankeldi K Sadanov, Vladimir E Berezin, Lyudmila P Trenozhnikova, Gul B Baimakhanova, Alma A Amangeldi, Bakhytzhan Kerimzhanova
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Abstract

Using free microorganisms for industrial processes has some limitations, such as the extensive consumption of substrates for growth, significant sensitivity to the microenvironment, and the necessity of separation from the product and, therefore, the cyclic process. It is widely acknowledged that confining or immobilizing cells in a matrix or support structure enhances enzyme stability, facilitates recycling, enhances rheological resilience, lowers bioprocess costs, and serves as a fundamental prerequisite for large-scale applications. This report summarizes the various cell immobilization methods, including several synthetic (polyvinylalcohol, polyethylenimine, polyacrylates, and Eudragit) and natural (gelatin, chitosan, alginate, cellulose, agar-agar, carboxymethylcellulose, and other polysaccharides) polymeric materials in the form of thin films, hydrogels, and cryogels. Advancements in the production of well-known antibiotics like penicillin and cephalosporin by various strains were discussed. Additionally, we highlighted cutting-edge research related to strain producers of peptide-based antibiotics (polymyxin B, Subtilin, Tyrothricin, varigomycin, gramicidin S, friulimicin, and bacteriocin), glusoseamines, and polyene derivatives. Crosslinking agents, especially covalent linkers, significantly affect the activity and stability of biocatalysts (penicillin G acylase, penicillinase, deacetoxycephalosporinase, L-asparaginase, β-glucosidase, Xylanase, and urease). The molecular weight of polymers is an important parameter influencing oxygen and nutrient diffusion, the kinetics of hydrogel formation, rigidity, rheology, elastic moduli, and other mechanical properties crucial for long-term utilization. A comparison of stability and enzymatic activity between immobilized enzymes and their free native counterparts was explored. The discussion was not limited to recent advancements in the biopharmaceutical field, such as microorganism or enzyme immobilization, but also extended to methods used in sensor and biosensor applications. In this study, we present data on the advantages of cell and enzyme immobilization over microorganism (bacteria and fungi) suspension states to produce various bioproducts and metabolites-such as antibiotics, enzymes, and precursors-and determine the efficiency of immobilization processes and the optimal conditions and process parameters to maximize the yield of the target products.

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关于固定在凝胶结构中的微生物用于生产前体、抗生素和有价值产品的概述。
在工业过程中使用游离微生物有一些局限性,如生长需要消耗大量底物,对微环境非常敏感,必须与产品分离,因此需要循环过程。人们普遍认为,将细胞封闭或固定在基质或支撑结构中可提高酶的稳定性、促进循环、增强流变弹性、降低生物工艺成本,是大规模应用的基本前提。本报告总结了各种细胞固定方法,包括几种合成(聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯亚胺、聚丙烯酸酯和 Eudragit)和天然(明胶、壳聚糖、藻酸盐、纤维素、琼脂琼脂、羧甲基纤维素和其他多糖)聚合物材料的薄膜、水凝胶和冷凝胶形式。我们还讨论了利用各种菌株生产青霉素和头孢菌素等知名抗生素的进展。此外,我们还重点介绍了与多肽类抗生素(多粘菌素 B、苏肽、酪氨酸肽、变性霉素、革兰氏菌素 S、弗氏菌素和细菌素)、葡糖胺和多烯衍生物的菌株生产相关的前沿研究。交联剂,尤其是共价连接剂,会极大地影响生物催化剂(青霉素 G酰化酶、青霉素酶、脱乙酰氧基头孢菌素酶、L-天冬酰胺酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、木聚糖酶和脲酶)的活性和稳定性。聚合物的分子量是影响氧气和营养物质扩散、水凝胶形成动力学、刚性、流变性、弹性模量和其他对长期使用至关重要的机械性能的重要参数。会上还探讨了固定化酶与游离原生酶的稳定性和酶活性的比较。讨论不仅限于生物制药领域的最新进展,如微生物或酶的固定化,还扩展到传感器和生物传感器应用中使用的方法。在本研究中,我们介绍了细胞和酶固定化相对于微生物(细菌和真菌)悬浮状态在生产各种生物产品和代谢物(如抗生素、酶和前体)方面的优势,并确定了固定化工艺的效率以及使目标产品产量最大化的最佳条件和工艺参数。
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来源期刊
Gels
Gels POLYMER SCIENCE-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
19.60%
发文量
707
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Gels (ISSN 2310-2861) is an international, open access journal on physical (supramolecular) and chemical gel-based materials. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the maximum length of the papers, and full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Short communications, full research papers and review papers are accepted formats for the preparation of the manuscripts. Gels aims to serve as a reference journal with a focus on gel materials for researchers working in both academia and industry. Therefore, papers demonstrating practical applications of these materials are particularly welcome. Occasionally, invited contributions (i.e., original research and review articles) on emerging issues and high-tech applications of gels are published as special issues.
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