Process Mapping of the Sol-Gel Transition in Acid-Initiated Sodium Silicate Solutions.

IF 5 3区 化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Gels Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI:10.3390/gels10100673
Marzieh Matinfar, John A Nychka
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Abstract

Fabricating large-scale porous bioactive glass bone scaffolds presents significant challenges. This study aims to develop formable, in situ setting scaffolds with a practical gelation time of about 10 min by mixing 45S5 bioactive glass with sodium silicate (waterglass) and an acid initiator. The effects of pH (2-11), waterglass concentration (15-50 wt.%), and acid initiator type (phosphoric or boric acid) were examined to optimize gelation kinetics and microstructure. A 10 min gelation time was achieved with boric acid and phosphoric acid at various pH levels by adjusting the waterglass concentration. Exponential and polynomial models were proposed to predict gelation times in basic and acidic environments, respectively. The optical properties of the gels were studied qualitatively and quantitatively, providing insights into gelation kinetics and structure. Acidic gels formed smaller particles in a dense network (pores < 550 nm) with higher light transmittance, while basic gels had larger aggregates (pores ~5 µm) and lower transmittance. As the waterglass concentration decreased, pore size and transmittance converged in both groups. The onset of gelation was detected around 8 min using the derivative of light transmittance. This work identifies the key factors controlling waterglass gelation and their impact on gel structure, enabling the tailored creation of formable, in situ setting bioactive glass bone scaffolds.

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酸引发硅酸钠溶液中的溶胶-凝胶转变过程图。
制造大规模多孔生物活性玻璃骨支架是一项重大挑战。本研究旨在通过将 45S5 生物活性玻璃与硅酸钠(水玻璃)和酸引发剂混合,开发可成型的原位固化支架,其实际凝胶化时间约为 10 分钟。研究了 pH 值(2-11)、水玻璃浓度(15-50 wt.%)和酸引发剂类型(磷酸或硼酸)的影响,以优化凝胶动力学和微观结构。通过调整水玻璃浓度,硼酸和磷酸在不同 pH 值下的凝胶时间均为 10 分钟。分别提出了指数模型和多项式模型来预测碱性和酸性环境下的凝胶时间。对凝胶的光学特性进行了定性和定量研究,从而深入了解了凝胶化动力学和结构。酸性凝胶在致密的网络中形成较小的颗粒(孔隙小于 550 nm),透光率较高,而碱性凝胶具有较大的聚集体(孔隙 ~5 µm),透光率较低。随着水玻璃浓度的降低,两组凝胶的孔径和透光率趋于一致。利用透光率的导数可在 8 分钟左右检测到凝胶化的开始。这项研究确定了控制水玻璃凝胶化的关键因素及其对凝胶结构的影响,从而能够量身定制可成型、原位固化的生物活性玻璃骨支架。
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来源期刊
Gels
Gels POLYMER SCIENCE-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
19.60%
发文量
707
审稿时长
11 weeks
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