Changes in Rest-Activity Rhythms in Adolescents as They Age: Associations With Brain and Behavioral Changes in the ABCD Study.

IF 9.2 1区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI:10.1016/j.jaac.2024.11.005

Rui Zhang, Melanie L Schwandt, Leah Vines, Nora D Volkow

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Abstract

Objective: Adolescents with disrupted rest-activity rhythms (RAR) including shorter sleep duration, later sleep timing and low physical activity levels are at a greater risk for mental and behavioral problems. However, it remains unclear whether the same associations can be observed for within-subject changes in RAR.

Method: Our longitudinal investigation on RAR used Fitbit data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study at the 2-year (FL2: aged 10-13 years) and 4-year follow-up (FL4: aged 13-16 years). 963 youths had good-quality Fitbit data at both time points. In this study we examined changes in RAR from FL2 to FL4, their environmental and demographic contributors as well as brain and behavioral correlates.

Results: From FL2 to FL4, adolescents showed decreases in sleep duration and physical activity as well as delayed sleep timing (Cohen's d .44-.75). The contributions of environmental and demographic factors to RAR changes were greatest for sleep timing (explained 10% variance) and least for sleep duration (explained 1% variance). Delays in sleep timing had stronger correlations with behavioral problems including impulsivity and poor academic performance than reductions in sleep duration or physical activity. Additionally, the various brain measures differed in their sensitivity to RAR changes. Reductions in sleep duration were associated with decreased functional connectivity between subcortical regions and sensorimotor and cingulo-opercular networks and with enhanced functional connectivity between sensorimotor, visual and auditory networks. Delays in sleep timing were mainly associated with grey matter changes in subcortical regions.

Conclusion: The current findings corroborate the importance of sleep and physical activity in adolescents' brain neurodevelopment and behavioral problems. RAR might serve as biomarkers for monitoring behavioral problems and be potential therapeutic targets for mental disorders in adolescents.

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青少年随着年龄增长休息-活动节奏的变化：ABCD研究中大脑和行为变化的关联。

目的休息-活动节律（RAR）紊乱的青少年，包括睡眠时间较短、睡眠时间较晚和体育活动水平较低的青少年，出现精神和行为问题的风险更大。然而，目前还不清楚在 RAR 的受试者内部变化中是否也能观察到同样的关联：我们的RAR纵向调查使用了青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究的Fitbit数据，包括2年（FL2：10-13岁）和4年随访（FL4：13-16岁）的数据。963名青少年在两个时间点都拥有高质量的Fitbit数据。在这项研究中，我们研究了从 FL2 到 FL4 的 RAR 变化、环境和人口因素以及大脑和行为相关性：结果：从 FL2 到 FL4，青少年的睡眠时间和体力活动减少，睡眠时间延迟（Cohen's d .44-.75）。环境和人口因素对RAR变化的影响最大的是睡眠时间（可解释10%的差异），最小的是睡眠时间（可解释1%的差异）。与睡眠时间缩短或体育锻炼减少相比，睡眠时间延迟与行为问题（包括冲动和学习成绩差）的相关性更大。此外，各种大脑测量指标对 RAR 变化的敏感性也不同。睡眠时间的缩短与皮层下区域、感觉运动网络和丘脑网络之间的功能连接性降低有关，而与感觉运动、视觉和听觉网络之间的功能连接性增强有关。睡眠时间的延迟主要与皮层下区域灰质的变化有关：结论：目前的研究结果证实了睡眠和体育活动在青少年大脑神经发育和行为问题中的重要性。RAR可作为监测行为问题的生物标志物，并成为治疗青少年精神障碍的潜在靶点。

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来源期刊

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

21.00

自引率

1.50%

发文量

1383

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (JAACAP) is dedicated to advancing the field of child and adolescent psychiatry through the publication of original research and papers of theoretical, scientific, and clinical significance. Our primary focus is on the mental health of children, adolescents, and families. We welcome unpublished manuscripts that explore various perspectives, ranging from genetic, epidemiological, neurobiological, and psychopathological research, to cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, and other psychotherapeutic investigations. We also encourage submissions that delve into parent-child, interpersonal, and family research, as well as clinical and empirical studies conducted in inpatient, outpatient, consultation-liaison, and school-based settings. In addition to publishing research, we aim to promote the well-being of children and families by featuring scholarly papers on topics such as health policy, legislation, advocacy, culture, society, and service provision in relation to mental health. At JAACAP, we strive to foster collaboration and dialogue among researchers, clinicians, and policy-makers in order to enhance our understanding and approach to child and adolescent mental health.

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