Ubiquitous occurrence of organophosphate esters in plastic-made and paper-made food contact materials and their implication for human exposure

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI:10.1007/s00003-024-01533-5

Xun Wang, Yao Liu, Jian-Ming Jiang, Xi-Long Zhang, Minjie Li, Wen-Jun Hong, Liang-Hong Guo

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Abstract

Human exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) can occur through contaminated food contact materials (FCMs), which may pose significant health risks. This study investigated the presence and migration characteristics of 26 OPEs in 60 plastic and paper-based food contact materials sourced from markets and online retailers. Migration experiments were conducted using three food simulants: 4% acetic acid, 10% ethanol, and 95% ethanol. Thirteen OPEs were identified in the packaging samples, with triphenyl phosphate and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate being the most frequently detected, averaging 95.8 ng/g and 73.3 ng/g, respectively. During migration simulations, 11 OPEs were found to migrate into the food simulants, with migration concentrations ranging from 9.22 to 150 ng/cm². The health impact was assessed using hazard index and maximum cumulative ratio methods. Triphenylphosphine oxide, triisobutyl phosphate, and butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate contributed the most to the overall hazard among the 11 compounds. However, the overall risk of OPE exposure to humans was determined to be low.

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塑料和纸制食品接触材料中普遍存在的有机磷酸酯及其对人体摄入的影响

人类可能会通过受污染的食品接触材料（FCM）接触到有机磷酸酯（OPE），这可能会对健康造成严重危害。本研究调查了来自市场和在线零售商的 60 种塑料和纸质食品接触材料中 26 种 OPE 的存在和迁移特性。迁移实验使用了三种食品模拟物：4% 乙酸、10% 乙醇和 95% 乙醇。在包装样品中发现了 13 种 OPE，其中最常检测到的是磷酸三苯酯和磷酸三（1-氯-2-丙基）酯，平均含量分别为 95.8 纳克/克和 73.3 纳克/克。在模拟迁移过程中，发现有 11 种 OPE 迁移到食品模拟物中，迁移浓度介于 9.22 纳克/平方厘米和 150 纳克/平方厘米之间。采用危害指数和最大累积比方法对健康影响进行了评估。在 11 种化合物中，三苯基氧化膦、磷酸三异丁酯和丁基二苯基磷酸酯对总体危害的影响最大。不过，经测定，人类接触 OPE 的总体风险较低。

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来源期刊

Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety Veterinary-Food Animals

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

4.20%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： The JCF publishes peer-reviewed original Research Articles and Opinions that are of direct importance to Food and Feed Safety. This includes Food Packaging, Consumer Products as well as Plant Protection Products, Food Microbiology, Veterinary Drugs, Animal Welfare and Genetic Engineering. All peer-reviewed articles that are published should be devoted to improve Consumer Health Protection. Reviews and discussions are welcomed that address legal and/or regulatory decisions with respect to risk assessment and management of Food and Feed Safety issues on a scientific basis. It addresses an international readership of scientists, risk assessors and managers, and other professionals active in the field of Food and Feed Safety and Consumer Health Protection. Manuscripts – preferably written in English but also in German – are published as Research Articles, Reviews, Methods and Short Communications and should cover aspects including, but not limited to: · Factors influencing Food and Feed Safety · Factors influencing Consumer Health Protection · Factors influencing Consumer Behavior · Exposure science related to Risk Assessment and Risk Management · Regulatory aspects related to Food and Feed Safety, Food Packaging, Consumer Products, Plant Protection Products, Food Microbiology, Veterinary Drugs, Animal Welfare and Genetic Engineering · Analytical methods and method validation related to food control and food processing. The JCF also presents important News, as well as Announcements and Reports about administrative surveillance.