The role of genus Bacillus in biodegradation of microcystins: Implications for the removal of cyanotoxins from tropical freshwaters

AWWA water science Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI:10.1002/aws2.70005

Madhuni Madhushika Wijesooriya, Kanaji Masakorala, Widana Gamage Shirani Manel Kumari

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Abstract

The proliferation of harmful cyanobacterial blooms poses a threat to the ecosystem and human health. Microcystins (MCs) are the most frequently detected cyanotoxin released by cyanobacteria, including Microcystis sp. Our study aimed to isolate potential MC-degrading bacteria in Sri Lankan freshwater and determine their possible MC-degradation pathways. Twenty-two morphologically distinct bacterial strains from 13 freshwater bodies were isolated following the enrichment assay. MC-biodegradation assays further confirmed the MC-degradation potential of 21 strains, with Bacillus being the predominant genus. The strain Bacillus altitudinis BL1, isolated from Beira Lake, showed the highest efficiency in Microcystis sp. cell lysis (80%) and MC-degradation (87%). PCR assay results confirmed the absence of mlrABCD genes in all strains, indicating the presence of uncharacterized alternative MC-degradation mechanisms that require further exploration. The dual functions of Microcystis sp. cell lysis and MC-degradation in 21 strains support developing efficient bacteria-mediated strategies to remediate microcystins and eradicate Microcystis-blooms in tropical freshwaters.

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芽孢杆菌属在微囊藻毒素生物降解中的作用：对清除热带淡水中蓝藻毒素的影响

有害蓝藻水华的扩散对生态系统和人类健康构成威胁。微囊藻毒素（MC）是蓝藻（包括微囊藻）释放的最常见的蓝藻毒素。通过富集试验，我们从 13 个淡水水体中分离出了 22 株形态各异的细菌。二氯甲烷生物降解试验进一步证实了 21 株菌株的二氯甲烷降解潜力，其中芽孢杆菌是主要的菌属。从贝拉湖分离出的菌株 Bacillus altitudinis BL1 对微囊藻细胞裂解（80%）和 MC 降解（87%）的效率最高。PCR 检测结果证实，所有菌株中都没有 mlrABCD 基因，这表明存在尚未定性的替代 MC 降解机制，需要进一步探索。21 株微囊藻细胞裂解和 MC 降解的双重功能支持开发高效的细菌介导策略，以修复微囊藻毒素并根除热带淡水中的微囊藻。

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AWWA water science

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4.40

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