A comprehensive scrutinization on tamarind kernel powder-based derivatives and nanomaterials in modern research

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI:10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101393

Sakshi Saini , Jagram Meena , Rajdeep Malik , Teena Saini , Vratika Verma

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Abstract

A natural biopolymer, tamarind exhibits eco-friendly, biodegradable, and biocompatible characteristics, offering a renewable and sustainable alternative for nanoparticle formulation compared to synthetic polymers. The chelation effect of (-OH), (-COOH), and (-CO) in tamarind plays an important role in the binding and stabilizing of metal ions, during nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis and enhances the stability and uniformity of NPs. Tamarind has some drawbacks e.g., low solubility, and dullness. Derivatization of tamarind improved swelling, water solubility, mucoadhesive properties, and viscosity, which was achieved through grafting, copolymerization, and cross-linking. NPs of tamarind have been synthesized using various methods, including the co-precipitation method, sol-gel method, hydrothermal method, green synthesis method, in-situ, ex-situ, and solvent casting method. The derivatization and fabrication of tamarind NPs were confirmed via some techniques including fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ay dispersive diffraction (XRD), ultra-violet visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS), dynamic light scattering (DSC), nuclear genetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Tamarind-based NPs exhibit a spectrum of versatile applications including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, immunomodulatory, anticancer, drug delivery, hazardous metal, and dye removal, agriculture, biosensing, food packaging, electrochemical devices, and many more. This review provides the details regarding tamarind derivatives and nanoparticles introduced to date. It incites us about the synthesis of a novel derivative of tamarind and explores its applications in various fields.

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罗望子核粉末衍生物和纳米材料在现代研究中的全面审视

罗望子是一种天然生物聚合物，具有环保、可生物降解、生物相容性好等特点，与合成聚合物相比，它是一种可再生、可持续的纳米粒子配方替代品。罗望子中的（-OH）、（-COOH）和（-CO）螯合作用在纳米粒子（NPs）合成过程中对金属离子的结合和稳定起着重要作用，并能提高 NPs 的稳定性和均匀性。罗望子有一些缺点，如溶解度低和无光泽。通过接枝、共聚和交联等方法，罗望子的衍生化改善了溶胀性、水溶性、粘附性和粘度。罗望子纳米粒子的合成方法多种多样，包括共沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、水热法、绿色合成法、原位法、原位法和溶剂浇铸法。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线色散衍射（XRD）、紫外可见光谱（UV-VIS）、动态光散射（DSC）、核遗传共振（NMR）、热重分析（TGA）等技术证实了罗望子纳米粒子的衍生和制备。罗望子基 NPs 具有多种用途，包括抗菌、抗氧化、抗炎、抗真菌、免疫调节、抗癌、药物输送、去除有害金属和染料、农业、生物传感、食品包装、电化学装置等。本综述详细介绍了迄今为止推出的罗望子衍生物和纳米粒子。它激励我们合成罗望子的新型衍生物，并探讨其在各个领域的应用。

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来源期刊

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects Physics and Astronomy-Condensed Matter Physics

CiteScore

9.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

22 days

期刊介绍： Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects is a new journal devoted to all aspects of the synthesis and the properties of this new flourishing domain. The journal is devoted to novel architectures at the nano-level with an emphasis on new synthesis and characterization methods. The journal is focused on the objects rather than on their applications. However, the research for new applications of original nano-structures & nano-objects in various fields such as nano-electronics, energy conversion, catalysis, drug delivery and nano-medicine is also welcome. The scope of Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects involves: -Metal and alloy nanoparticles with complex nanostructures such as shape control, core-shell and dumbells -Oxide nanoparticles and nanostructures, with complex oxide/metal, oxide/surface and oxide /organic interfaces -Inorganic semi-conducting nanoparticles (quantum dots) with an emphasis on new phases, structures, shapes and complexity -Nanostructures involving molecular inorganic species such as nanoparticles of coordination compounds, molecular magnets, spin transition nanoparticles etc. or organic nano-objects, in particular for molecular electronics -Nanostructured materials such as nano-MOFs and nano-zeolites -Hetero-junctions between molecules and nano-objects, between different nano-objects & nanostructures or between nano-objects & nanostructures and surfaces -Methods of characterization specific of the nano size or adapted for the nano size such as X-ray and neutron scattering, light scattering, NMR, Raman, Plasmonics, near field microscopies, various TEM and SEM techniques, magnetic studies, etc .