Assessing the Environmental Impact of Pnictogen-based Perovskite-Inspired Materials for Indoor Photovoltaics

IF 24.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Advanced Energy Materials Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI:10.1002/aenm.202403981

Rosario Vidal, Noora Lamminen, Ville Holappa, Jaume-Adrià Alberola-Borràs, Iván P. Franco, G. Krishnamurthy Grandhi, Paola Vivo

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Abstract

The development of eco-friendly indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) for Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices is booming. Emerging IPVs, especially those based on lead halide perovskites (LHPs), outperform the industry standard of amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H). However, the toxic lead in LHPs drives the search for safer alternatives. Perovskite-inspired materials (PIMs) containing bismuth (Bi) and antimony (Sb) have shown promise, achieving indoor power conversion efficiencies (PCE) approaching 10% despite early research stages. This is promising due to their eco-friendlier light-harvesting layers compared to LHPs. Yet, the environmental footprint of pnictogen-based PIM over their lifecycle remains unassessed. This study conducts a life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the best-performing Sb- and Bi-PIMs, considering PCE, raw material availability, energy consumption, and waste generation. It is find that PCE plays a decisive role in identifying the PIM for IPVs with minimized environmental impact, namely a Bi-Sb alloy. Extended LCA simulations for industrial-scale processing show that the most promising Bi-PIM has a reduced environmental burden compared to a-Si:H. It is also explore challenges and solutions for enhancing Bi-and Sb-PIMs’ sustainability. Overall, this study provides the first evidence of the potential of pnictogen-based PIMs as a sustainable IPV technology, addressing whether lead-free PIMs are truly eco-friendly, thus contributing toward battery-less IoT applications.

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评估基于 Pnictogen 的室内光伏用 Perovskite-Inspired 材料对环境的影响

用于物联网（IoT）设备的环保型室内光伏（IPV）技术正在蓬勃发展。新兴的 IPV，尤其是基于卤化铅包晶石（LHP）的 IPV，性能优于非晶氢化硅（a-Si:H）这一行业标准。然而，LHPs 中的有毒铅促使人们寻找更安全的替代品。含有铋（Bi）和锑（Sb）的透辉石启发材料（PIMs）已显示出良好的前景，尽管还处于早期研究阶段，但其室内功率转换效率（PCE）已接近 10%。与 LHP 相比，这种材料的光收集层更环保，因此前景广阔。然而，基于 pnictogen 的 PIM 在其生命周期内的环境足迹仍未得到评估。本研究对性能最佳的锑和双 PIM 进行了生命周期评估（LCA），考虑了 PCE、原材料可用性、能源消耗和废物产生等因素。结果发现，在确定对环境影响最小的 IPV PIM（即双锑合金）时，PCE 起着决定性作用。工业规模加工的扩展生命周期评估模拟表明，与 a-Si:H 相比，最有前途的 Bi-PIM 可减少环境负担。本研究还探讨了提高双锑和锑-PIM 可持续性所面临的挑战和解决方案。总之，这项研究首次证明了基于pnictogen的PIMs作为可持续IPV技术的潜力，解决了无铅PIMs是否真正环保的问题，从而有助于实现无电池物联网应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Advanced Energy Materials CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL-ENERGY & FUELS

CiteScore

41.90

自引率

4.00%

发文量

889

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： Established in 2011, Advanced Energy Materials is an international, interdisciplinary, English-language journal that focuses on materials used in energy harvesting, conversion, and storage. It is regarded as a top-quality journal alongside Advanced Materials, Advanced Functional Materials, and Small. With a 2022 Impact Factor of 27.8, Advanced Energy Materials is considered a prime source for the best energy-related research. The journal covers a wide range of topics in energy-related research, including organic and inorganic photovoltaics, batteries and supercapacitors, fuel cells, hydrogen generation and storage, thermoelectrics, water splitting and photocatalysis, solar fuels and thermosolar power, magnetocalorics, and piezoelectronics. The readership of Advanced Energy Materials includes materials scientists, chemists, physicists, and engineers in both academia and industry. The journal is indexed in various databases and collections, such as Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database, FIZ Karlsruhe, INSPEC (IET), Science Citation Index Expanded, Technology Collection, and Web of Science, among others.