Highly-sensitive detection of CP-type synthetic cannabinoids from e-cigarettes by a novel Zn/Bi bimetallic organic framework-derived ZnO-Bi₂O₃ heterojunctions sensing platform.

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Microchimica Acta Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI:10.1007/s00604-024-06832-0

Haiou Chen, Ying He, Shimeng Duan, Anyun Xu, Meng Li, Yanming Ren, Ruilin Zhang, Xiangjun Yang, Shixiong Wang, Huiping Bai

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Abstract

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), often masqueraded in "e-cigarettes," are novel popular psychoactive substances with diverse structures and complex material compositions, making their detection more challenging for prompt intervention. Herein, a novel electrochemical sensing platform based on Zn/Bi bimetallic organic framework-derived ZnO-Bi₂O₃ heterojunctions was constructed for the detection of cyclohexanylphenol synthetic cannabinoids (CP-type SCs: CP47,497 and CP55,940). The sensing characteristics of ZnO-Bi₂O₃ were studied under various conditions, including solvent composition, molar ratio of metal, and calcination temperature. The optimized ZnO-Bi₂O₃ heterojunction exhibited a larger surface area, more active sites, and stronger stability, conducive to enhanced electrochemical catalytic performance. Under optimal conditions, a ZnO-Bi₂O₃ modified screen-printed electrode (ZnO-Bi₂O₃/SPE) showed good linear responses toward CP47,497 and CP55,940 within the concentration ranges 7 × 10^-9 ~ 5 × 10^-6 M and 1 × 10^-9 ~ 5 × 10^-6 M, with detection limits of 2.3 × 10^-9 M and 3.3 × 10^-10 M, respectively. The sensor also depicted excellent reliability and can be used for on-site electrochemical detection of target objects in e-cigarettes with high recovery. Finally, the electrochemical oxidation mechanisms of CP47,497 and CP55,940 were studied for the first time, and electrochemical fingerprints of CP-type SCs were speculated.

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利用新型 Zn/Bi 双金属有机框架衍生 ZnO-Bi2O3 异质结传感平台高灵敏检测电子烟中的 CP 型合成大麻素。

合成大麻素（SCs）通常伪装成 "电子烟"，是一种新型的流行精神活性物质，其结构多样，材料成分复杂，因此对其进行检测以及时干预更具挑战性。本文构建了一种基于 Zn/Bi 双金属有机框架衍生 ZnO-Bi2O3 异质结的新型电化学传感平台，用于检测环己基苯酚合成大麻素（CP 型 SC：CP47,497 和 CP55,940）。研究了 ZnO-Bi2O3 在不同条件下的传感特性，包括溶剂成分、金属摩尔比和煅烧温度。优化后的 ZnO-Bi2O3 异质结具有更大的比表面积、更多的活性位点和更强的稳定性，有利于提高电化学催化性能。在最佳条件下，ZnO-Bi2O3 修饰的丝网印刷电极（ZnO-Bi2O3/SPE）在 7 × 10-9 ~ 5 × 10-6 M 和 1 × 10-9 ~ 5 × 10-6 M 的浓度范围内对 CP47,497 和 CP55,940 具有良好的线性响应，检测限分别为 2.3 × 10-9 M 和 3.3 × 10-10 M。该传感器还具有出色的可靠性，可用于现场电化学检测电子烟中的目标物，且回收率高。最后，首次研究了 CP47,497 和 CP55,940 的电化学氧化机制，并推测了 CP 型 SC 的电化学指纹。

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来源期刊

Microchimica Acta 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

5.30%

发文量

410

审稿时长

2.7 months

期刊介绍： As a peer-reviewed journal for analytical sciences and technologies on the micro- and nanoscale, Microchimica Acta has established itself as a premier forum for truly novel approaches in chemical and biochemical analysis. Coverage includes methods and devices that provide expedient solutions to the most contemporary demands in this area. Examples are point-of-care technologies, wearable (bio)sensors, in-vivo-monitoring, micro/nanomotors and materials based on synthetic biology as well as biomedical imaging and targeting.