{"title":"Effects of elevated ozone on evapotranspiration and energy allocation of rice ecosystem under fully open-air field conditions","authors":"Yujie Zhang , Jianghua Wu , Yansen Xu , Yuqing Zhou , Shiyun Xu , Zhaozhong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110363","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evapotranspiration (<em>ET</em>) and its induced perturbations in the surface energy balance have significant impacts on the carbon cycle, water cycle, and regional climate. The partitioning of <em>ET</em> (transpiration (<em>T</em>) and evaporation (<em>E</em>)) has significant implications for agricultural production and water management. Rising tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) concentrations currently alter leaf stomatal conductance, which may affect <em>ET</em>. Paddy fields are characterized by flooding (during most of the growth period), vigorous crop <em>ET</em>, and a high percentage of <em>E</em> in <em>ET</em>. This may cause differences in the effects of elevated O<sub>3</sub> on the <em>ET</em> in rice fields relative to previously reported dryland crops. Based on 3 years of <em>in-situ</em> observations, this study investigated energy allocation in a rice ecosystem using the energy balance residual method under two O<sub>3</sub> treatments (1.5 times ambient air (AA; E-O<sub>3</sub>) and AA) at a Free Air O<sub>3</sub> Concentration Enrichment facility. E-O<sub>3</sub> caused a trend of higher net radiative flux (<em>R</em><sub>n</sub>) and sensible heat flux (<em>H</em>) in rice but only reached statistical significance on some days and at specific growth stages (e.g., jointing or booting) compared with AA. E-O<sub>3</sub> attenuated the degree of response in energy allocation owing to the unique land-use patterns of paddy fields and climatic conditions during rice growth. Based on the modified Priestley–Taylor model, <em>T</em> decreased significantly at the grain-filling stage, and <em>E</em> increased during the full reproductive period, causing a significant increase in <em>ET</em> on some days after exposure to elevated O<sub>3</sub>. In conclusion, rice ecosystems have a weaker capacity to influence the water cycle and regional climate than drylands regarding rising O<sub>3</sub> concentrations. However, the effects of E-O<sub>3</sub> on <em>E</em> and <em>T</em> adversely affect the carbon cycle and agricultural production, indicating the need to optimize agricultural water management and cropping strategies under high O<sub>3</sub> concentration region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 110363"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192324004763","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRONOMY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Evapotranspiration (ET) and its induced perturbations in the surface energy balance have significant impacts on the carbon cycle, water cycle, and regional climate. The partitioning of ET (transpiration (T) and evaporation (E)) has significant implications for agricultural production and water management. Rising tropospheric ozone (O3) concentrations currently alter leaf stomatal conductance, which may affect ET. Paddy fields are characterized by flooding (during most of the growth period), vigorous crop ET, and a high percentage of E in ET. This may cause differences in the effects of elevated O3 on the ET in rice fields relative to previously reported dryland crops. Based on 3 years of in-situ observations, this study investigated energy allocation in a rice ecosystem using the energy balance residual method under two O3 treatments (1.5 times ambient air (AA; E-O3) and AA) at a Free Air O3 Concentration Enrichment facility. E-O3 caused a trend of higher net radiative flux (Rn) and sensible heat flux (H) in rice but only reached statistical significance on some days and at specific growth stages (e.g., jointing or booting) compared with AA. E-O3 attenuated the degree of response in energy allocation owing to the unique land-use patterns of paddy fields and climatic conditions during rice growth. Based on the modified Priestley–Taylor model, T decreased significantly at the grain-filling stage, and E increased during the full reproductive period, causing a significant increase in ET on some days after exposure to elevated O3. In conclusion, rice ecosystems have a weaker capacity to influence the water cycle and regional climate than drylands regarding rising O3 concentrations. However, the effects of E-O3 on E and T adversely affect the carbon cycle and agricultural production, indicating the need to optimize agricultural water management and cropping strategies under high O3 concentration region.
期刊介绍：
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology is an international journal for the publication of original articles and reviews on the inter-relationship between meteorology, agriculture, forestry, and natural ecosystems. Emphasis is on basic and applied scientific research relevant to practical problems in the field of plant and soil sciences, ecology and biogeochemistry as affected by weather as well as climate variability and change. Theoretical models should be tested against experimental data. Articles must appeal to an international audience. Special issues devoted to single topics are also published.
Typical topics include canopy micrometeorology (e.g. canopy radiation transfer, turbulence near the ground, evapotranspiration, energy balance, fluxes of trace gases), micrometeorological instrumentation (e.g., sensors for trace gases, flux measurement instruments, radiation measurement techniques), aerobiology (e.g. the dispersion of pollen, spores, insects and pesticides), biometeorology (e.g. the effect of weather and climate on plant distribution, crop yield, water-use efficiency, and plant phenology), forest-fire/weather interactions, and feedbacks from vegetation to weather and the climate system.
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