Agricultural and Forest Meteorology最新文献

{"title":"Surface energy exchanges and stability conditions associated with convective intense rainfall events on the central Andes of Peru","authors":"José Luis Flores-Rojas ,&nbsp;David A. Guizado-Vidal ,&nbsp;Jairo Valdivia-Prado ,&nbsp;Yamina Silva ,&nbsp;Elver Villalobos-Puma ,&nbsp;Luis Suárez-Salas ,&nbsp;Zenón Mata-Adauto ,&nbsp;Hugo Abi Karam","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an in-depth analysis of precipitation patterns, surface energy balance (SEB) components, and atmospheric vertical gradients (AVG) in the Huancayo Geophysical Observatory (HYGO) situated in an agricultural region inside the Mantaro valley within the central Andes of Peru, utilizing data from January 2018 to April 2022 and climatic-scale data from 1965 to 2018. Our findings reveal distinct daily and seasonal precipitation patterns, with peak occurrences in the late afternoon and early evening hours, and a pronounced seasonal variation aligning with dry and rainy periods. Analysis of 21 intense precipitation events linked to convective activity offers crucial insights for weather forecasting and disaster preparedness. These events were identified using in situ gauge pluviometers, the MIRA-35c vertical profiler radar and GPM-IMERG rainfall products. The turbulent energy fluxes: sensible (Q<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) and latent (Q<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) were estimated using the aerodynamic flux-gradient method and the ground heat flux to the surface was estimated with the scheme of Foken and Napo. Moreover, the study evaluates the efficacy of the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model in analyzing turbulent energy fluxes during these events. A comparison with the bulk aerodynamic method indicated underestimations and overestimations by the ARPS model in predicting Q<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and Q<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, respectively, necessitating focused calibration and updates in satellite-derived data. Key observations include significant increases in Q<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and horizontal momentum flux (<span><math><mi>τ</mi></math></span>) before convective precipitation events, marking them as potential precursor variables. Additionally, notable decreases in water vapor mixing ratio vertical gradient (WMVG) and Richardson number (RIN), along with increases in horizontal wind gradient (HWVG), suggest changes in surface moisture fluxes and boundary layer dynamics, crucial for convective rainfall initiation. This comprehensive analysis underscores the importance of understanding atmospheric dynamics for improved prediction and preparedness strategies in the face of climatic variability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 110570"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The caatinga dry tropical forest: A highly efficient carbon sink in South America","authors":"Keila R. Mendes ,&nbsp;Pablo E.S. Oliveira ,&nbsp;José Romualdo S. Lima ,&nbsp;Magna S.B. Moura ,&nbsp;Eduardo S. Souza ,&nbsp;Aldrin M. Perez-Marin ,&nbsp;John Elton B.L. Cunha ,&nbsp;Pedro R. Mutti ,&nbsp;Gabriel B. Costa ,&nbsp;Thales N. Martins de Sá ,&nbsp;Paula A.A. Araujo ,&nbsp;Rosaria R. Ferreira ,&nbsp;Thiago V. Marques ,&nbsp;Daniele T. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Suany Campos ,&nbsp;Mariana M.L.V. Melo ,&nbsp;Israel V.H. Silva ,&nbsp;Leonardo F. Morais ,&nbsp;Fábio S. Nascimento ,&nbsp;Iara B. Silva ,&nbsp;Rômulo S.C. Menezes","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTFs) may act as considerable carbon sinks, regulating the atmospheric and terrestrial carbon storage and fluxes with implications for local, regional and global climates. In the Caatinga, an endemic Brazilian SDTF, the research on the magnitude of the CO₂ sink is still incipient. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of observed CO₂ fluxes using the Eddy Covariance technique across the Caatinga, quantifying and assessing the seasonal and interannual variations in CO₂ exchange under contrasting soil and climatic conditions. In our study we estimated whether the Caatinga functioned as a net source or sink of carbon at five sites during years with varying rates of rainfall. Results showed that the dynamics of CO₂ flux components varied based on the spatio-temporal distribution and magnitude of rainfall and the corresponding variations in vegetation cover. Average annual accumulated Gross Primary Productivity ranged from 1167 g C <em>m</em>⁻² in the Crystalline area to 2018 g C <em>m</em>⁻² in the Agreste ecotone. Average annual Net Ecosystem Exchange was -775 g C <em>m</em>⁻² (-7.7 t C ha⁻¹). The Caatinga exhibited higher carbon use efficiency (CUE) compared to other dry forests in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide and to South American ecosystems, including the Amazon, as documented by FLUXNET2015 eddy covariance datasets. CUE values ranged from 0.31 in the Crystalline area to 0.58 in the Agreste ecotone. These findings provide robust, measurement-based evidence that the Caatinga is a highly efficient carbon sink, substantially contributing to atmospheric CO₂ absorption and mitigating the growth rate of atmospheric CO₂ concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 110573"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-regulation of climate and vegetation on seasonal and interannual variations of energy exchange over a temperate grassland","authors":"Yanbing Wang ,&nbsp;Cuihai You ,&nbsp;Xingru Tan ,&nbsp;Tingting Ren ,&nbsp;Tiancheng Su ,&nbsp;Xingguo Han ,&nbsp;Shiping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Restoration of degraded grasslands can enhance productivity and promote carbon and water cycling, but changes in energy fluxes and the partitioning of net radiation (R_n) during restoration remain poorly understood. Clarifying the role of vegetation structural and physiological regulations of energy partitioning in semiarid grasslands is critical for advancing our understanding of ecosystem functioning during grassland restoration and its feedback to climate. In this study, we investigated the seasonal and interannual variations in energy fluxes and R_n partitioning over thirteen years (2006–2018) in a long-term fenced semiarid grassland site using eddy covariance method. Our results revealed a rapid shift from sensible heat flux (H)-dominance to latent heat flux (LE)-dominance during the early growing season, aligning with the phenological development of vegetation. This transition produced d a U-shaped seasonal pattern in the Bowen ratio (β, i.e. H/LE). During the H-dominated period, R_n alone governed LE and H. In contrast, during the LE-dominated period, vegetation exerted strong control over energy partitioning through both structural (leaf area index, LAI) and physiological (canopy conductance, g_c) pathways, mediated by climatic factors. The seasonal distribution of precipitation and snowmelt-derived soil moisture, combined with g_c, primarily regulated interannual variability in LE, H, and β. Notably, vegetation physiology, mediated by g_c, exerted significant influence control over energy exchange at both seasonal and interannual scales. Furthermore, vegetation restoration enhanced available energy but did not significantly alter LE and H fluxes. This study highlights the substantial impact of vegetation growth on energy balance in grassland ecosystems under long-term exclosure, emphasizing the need to integrate these dynamics into future sustainable management practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 110556"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the climate signal in the variation of winter wheat quality records in the North China Plain","authors":"Weimo Zhou ,&nbsp;Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim ,&nbsp;Yoichiro Kato ,&nbsp;Hongyan Liu ,&nbsp;Kaicun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crop quality is a critical aspect of food security, impacting end-use applications and market competitiveness. There is a well-established understanding of the impacts of climate change on crop yields, while its impacts on crop quality are often overlooked. Given the critical role of wheat in global food security and the ongoing climate change, it is essential to explore the climate drivers in shaping wheat quality. This study utilized county-level survey data encompassing eight quality indicators of wheat grain, flour, and dough during 2006–2019 acquired from 363 counties in the North China Plain, the biggest wheat-producing region in China. The complex association between variation in climate factors and wheat quality was explored using an interpretable machine learning framework. The results revealed that while technological advancements and change in cultivars have improved most quality indicators, especially for dough quality, climate variation during the entire growth period accounts for 10.7 % to 25.7 % of the variations in indicators. Water-related factors had a stronger impact on wheat quality than temperature-related factors. In irrigated zones, precipitation primarily governed test weight and falling number, whereas soil moisture played a key role in determining protein and wet gluten content. In rainfed zones, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) was the primary climatic driver of variations in test weight and falling number, while extremely high temperatures predominantly influenced protein and wet gluten content. Additionally, the SPEI exhibits interaction on most indicators with normal growing degree days (GDD). Specifically, the interactive effects between GDD and SPEI reduce dough quality under warm, dry conditions. Conversely, under warm, wet conditions, this interaction negatively impacts test weight and falling number. These findings underscore the importance of drought and the threshold effects of water availability in wheat quality prediction and adaptation, providing an overview of critical quality traits most susceptible to climate and climate extremes variations during the growing season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 110567"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High water demand limits carbon sink and transpiration in tall forests during extreme drought in Southwest China","authors":"Peipei Xu ,&nbsp;Yichen Cao ,&nbsp;Wei Fang ,&nbsp;Wei He ,&nbsp;Zuo Wang ,&nbsp;Hua Yang ,&nbsp;Lisheng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought-related forest mortality or dieback is increasing with climate warming. Previous studies have showed canopy height was one of the most important factors that related to forest survival and growth under drought, but the mechanism of this canopy height-dependency is still unclear. Based on standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) data, gross primary productivity (GPP) data and vegetation transpiration data, we use linear regression (LR) and random forest (RF) model to explored the impact of canopy height on forest carbon and water cycle in southwestern China for the 2010 extreme drought. Regardless of forest types, the results showed that the decline of GPP and transpiration were not only related to drought intensity but also depend on canopy height. Tall forest (&gt; 30 m) would lose more GPP and transpiration than short forest (&lt; 20 m), and the increasing drought intensities would improve this canopy height-dependency, especially under extreme drought condition (SPEI &lt; −2). Regarding how canopy height affects forest water cycle, the canopy height has correlation with both SPEI and transpiration (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) which mean tall forest needs more water to maintain growth. These results explore the reason why forest drought resistance distinguishing by canopy height, which may have a broad range implication in forest dynamics research and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 110565"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant life form determines net ecosystem CO2 exchange in a salt marsh under precipitation changes","authors":"Zhenghao Liang ,&nbsp;Jia Song ,&nbsp;Xinge Li ,&nbsp;Mingliang Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Chu ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Wang ,&nbsp;Peiguang Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoshuai Zhang ,&nbsp;Weimin Song ,&nbsp;Siyu Wei ,&nbsp;Ruifeng Sun ,&nbsp;Changsheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Guangxuan Han","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant life form (annuals and perennials) largely determines community response to the environment. Due to variations in photosynthesis-respiration rates, changes in life form can affect ecosystem respiration (ER) and gross primary productivity (GPP), thus altering net ecosystem CO₂ exchange (NEE). Precipitation changes can alter soil moisture-salinity conditions in salt marshes, thus causing significant changes in life form and CO₂ sink functions. However, the directional trend and magnitude of such changes along the precipitation gradient are unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a field manipulation experiment in a salt marsh in the Yellow River Delta, China since 2014. After six years of simulated precipitation changes (-60 %, -40 %, +0 %, +40 % and +60 % of ambient precipitation), we implemented field monitoring of plant life form, biomass, NEE, ER, GPP and soil moisture-salinity content for three years (2020–2022). Average NEE values under different treatments ranged from -4.8 ± 0.8 to -2.0 ± 0.1 μmol m^-2 s^-1. We observed that precipitation changes altered plant life form by regulating soil salinity. Soil salinity increased under the precipitation reduction treatments, and annuals with lower productivity replaced perennials as the dominant species, which reduced NEE by suppressing GPP. Conversely, increased precipitation decreases salinity and favored the growth of perennials with high productivity, thus stimulating NEE. NEE showed an increasing trend along the precipitation gradient in this experiment, and the presence of perennials was the key to maintaining high NEE levels. However, species simplification resulting from ongoing increases in precipitation, coupled with a greater aboveground to belowground biomass ratio indicating greater nutrient consumption to support plant growth, may reduce ecosystem resistance and negatively impact future CO₂ uptake. Our results highlight that exploring how precipitation changes affect NEE based on life form can simplify the study of ecosystems. These findings can serve as a scientific reference for ecological management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 110572"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of biochar application on yield, soil carbon pools and greenhouse gas emission in rice fields: A global meta-analysis","authors":"Shenglin Wen ,&nbsp;Ningbo Cui ,&nbsp;Yaosheng Wang ,&nbsp;Daozhi Gong ,&nbsp;Zhihui Wang ,&nbsp;Liwen Xing ,&nbsp;Zongjun Wu ,&nbsp;Yixuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar is applied worldwide as an effective tool for improving rice yield and increasing soil carbon pools while contributing to greenhouse gas emission reduction. However, there is a knowledge gap concerning the effects of biochar application on rice yield, soil carbon pools, and greenhouse gas emissions in rice fields under varying environmental conditions. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 1827 observations from 134 studies to identify the key factors influencing rice yield, soil carbon pools, and greenhouse gas emissions, and to determine their impact pathways using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results showed that biochar application significantly increased rice yield, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N ratio), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) by 16.0 %, 37.7 %, 31.8 %, and 16.3 %, respectively, while reducing methane (CH₄) emission, nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission, global warming potential (GWP), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 5.2 %, 14.4 %, 8.6 %, and 2.5 %, respectively. Straw-derived biochar, produced via pyrolysis at temperatures below 450 °C with the application rate of 10 t ha⁻¹, proved to be an effective method for improving rice yield and soil carbon pools while reducing greenhouse gas emission. The SEM analysis revealed a direct positive relationship between soil properties (soil total nitrogen, soil organic carbon and pH) and rice yield, with a standardized path coefficient of 0.158 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Moreover, climate conditions (mean annual air temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP)) had direct positive impact on N₂O emission and GWP, with standardized path coefficient of 0.28 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and 0.179 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), respectively. Biochar application is more effective for soils with SOC &lt;10 g kg⁻¹ and pH &gt;8, particularly in temperate regions with MAT &gt;15 °C. Our findings provide valuable insights into optimizing biochar application strategies to balance trade-offs between rice yield, soil carbon pools, and greenhouse gas emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 110571"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Exploring unresolved inquiries regarding the meaning of Reynolds averaging and decomposition: A review” [Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 362 (2025) 110364]","authors":"Andrew S. Kowalski ,&nbsp;Jesús Abril-Gago","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110563","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 110563"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the link between SIF, ANPP and RUE dynamics in perennial forage crop mixtures","authors":"J. Mattera ,&nbsp;J.M. Romero ,&nbsp;J.G.N. Irisarri ,&nbsp;A.A. Grimoldi ,&nbsp;G.B. Cordon","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Remote sensing estimation of aerial net primary production (ANPP) is a key challenge in precision agriculture and environmental monitoring. The Monteith model serves as the main conceptual frameworkin pastures.Sun-induced fluorescence (SIF), closely linked to photosynthesis, is a promising candidate for ANPP estimations when radiation use efficiency (RUE) undergoes physiological changes.</div><div>Our aim was to analyze SIF´s ability to estimate ANPP and RUE in forage covers with different structural and physiological characteristics. Moreover, we aimed to determine the underlying mechanisms driving these correlations. We performed a proximal sensing experiment by generating differential forage covers (alfalfa, tall fescue, and mixtures), measured across different seasons.</div><div>Alfalfa and mixture plots have shown fairly constant RUE and fluorescence emission efficiency (SIF_Yield) upon APAR variations. This caused SIF to be an interesting monitor of ANPP (R² ∼ 0.5), because of their strong link with APAR. On the other hand, tall fescue showed decreasing RUE when increasing APAR, which weakens ANPP-APAR correlation (R² ∼ 0.38). Also, reduced escape fraction weakens SIF-APAR correlation (R² ∼ 0.09). Consequently, the ANPP-SIF correlation disappears (R² ∼ 0.02).</div><div>This is one of the first remote sensing studies analyzing the biomass available for harvest in a field managed according to forage agronomic criteria. Our findings support the use of SIF as a monitor of ANPP of forage crops when RUE and SIF _Yield can be assumed to be constant upon APAR variations. Nevertheless, correlations may not be extrapolated between different crops; careful attention must be paid to RUE variations upon APAR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 110569"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon fluxes controlled by land management and disturbances at a cluster of long-term ecosystem monitoring sites in Central Europe","authors":"Thomas Grünwald,&nbsp;Luise Wanner,&nbsp;Uwe Eichelmann,&nbsp;Markus Hehn,&nbsp;Uta Moderow,&nbsp;Heiko Prasse,&nbsp;Ronald Queck,&nbsp;Christian Bernhofer,&nbsp;Matthias Mauder","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Terrestrial ecosystems play a crucial role in carbon sequestration and provide vital ecosystem services such as food, energy, and raw materials. Climate change, through rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme events, threatens the carbon sink potential of these ecosystems, with forests and grasslands particularly at risk. Long-term data from flux tower networks offer valuable insights into how different ecosystems respond to climate change and management interventions, helping to develop strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and maintain ecosystem resilience. In this study, we present such data from a &lt;10 km cluster of long-term FLUXNET/ICOS sites in Central Europe, comprising an old spruce forest (DE-Tha), a young oak plantation after a cleared windthrow (DE-Hzd), a permanent grassland site (DE-Gri), and an agricultural site with a crop rotation typical for this region (DE-Kli). By analysing decades of data from these eddy covariance measurement sites, the research highlights the influence of drought, management, and land cover changes on CO₂ and H₂O fluxes. The interannual variability of evapotranspiration depends less on land use than the CO₂ exchange. Our findings show that intact forests can act as larger carbon sinks than previously estimated. DE-Tha is a consistent carbon sink, with thinning helping to maintain the CO₂ sequestration at a stable level of 350 gC <em>m</em>⁻² <em>a</em>⁻¹. In contrast, disturbances like clear cutting or windthrow can cause ecosystems to become carbon sources for several years, with recovery delayed due to soil carbon losses from increased respiration (DE-Hzd). While DE-Hzd was resilient to drought, the carbon uptake of DE-Tha was significantly reduced by around 50 % during dry years compared to wet years. Furthermore, sustainable management maintains carbon sequestration and land-use practices, such as crop selection, significantly impact net ecosystem productivity. These insights are valuable for optimizing land management strategies to enhance carbon sinks in similar regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 110533"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}