The FLOWERING LOCUS T-like genes from patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) antagonistically regulate flowering time.

IF 6.1 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109394
Manchun Wang, Jierong Huang, Yunping Zeng, ShiShi Song, Ying Zeng, Yanting Shen, Jianxin Wu, Puyue Ouyang, Honglei Jin, Hongbin Wang, Zhenyi Chang
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Abstract

Flowering is crucial for the reproductive success of plants. Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin), a widely utilized medicinal and aromatic plant from the Lamiaceae family, exhibits rare flowering and fails to produce seeds, thereby posing a challenge for plant evolution and breeding improvement. However, the mechanism underlying flowering in patchouli has not been investigated. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) serves as a central integrator of flowering signals. Here, we identified 13 patchouli FT-like genes (PatFTs). In patchouli leaves, PatFT10-13 displayed continuous expression, with a decline noted at the flowering stage, while PatFT1-3 were activated exclusively at the flowering stage, and PatFT4-9 were hardly expressed. Overexpression of PatFT2 in Arabidopsis induced early flowering, while overexpression of PatFT10-13 resulted in delayed flowering. These results suggested that PatFT1-3, differing by one to two unique residues in the non-conserved region, might function as floral inducers, while PatFT10-13 likely act as floral repressors. Both PatFT2 and PatFT11 interacted with patchouli FD-like proteins. Transient expression of PatFT11 in protoplasts reduced the ability of PatFT2 to activate downstream flowering genes, suggesting a competitive antagonism between these proteins for shared interactors. Amino acid swapping analysis indicated that specific conserved residues was responsible for the functional switch in PatFTs. Furthermore, we revealed that the evolution of antagonistic FT-like modules might represent a common strategy for Lamiaceae plants to fine-tune flowering time. In summary, these findings provide new insights into the expansion and functional diversity of FT-like genes in patchouli.

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广藿香(Pogostemon cablin)的花期定位点 T 样基因能拮抗地调节花期。
开花对植物的繁殖成功至关重要。广藿香(Pogostemon cablin)是一种广泛利用的拉米亚科药用和芳香植物,它很少开花,也不结籽,因此给植物进化和育种改良带来了挑战。然而,广藿香开花的机理尚未得到研究。开花位点 T(FT)是开花信号的核心整合因子。在这里,我们发现了 13 个广藿香 FT 类基因(PatFTs)。在广藿香叶片中,PatFT10-13表现为持续表达,在开花期有所下降,而PatFT1-3只在开花期被激活,PatFT4-9几乎不表达。在拟南芥中过表达 PatFT2 会诱导早花,而过表达 PatFT10-13 则会导致延迟开花。这些结果表明,PatFT1-3 在非保留区有一到两个独特的残基,可能具有花诱导功能,而 PatFT10-13 可能具有花抑制功能。PatFT2 和 PatFT11 都与广藿香 FD 样蛋白相互作用。在原生质体中瞬时表达 PatFT11 会降低 PatFT2 激活下游开花基因的能力,这表明这两种蛋白之间存在竞争性拮抗作用。氨基酸交换分析表明,特定的保守残基是 PatFTs 功能转换的原因。此外,我们还揭示了拮抗的类FT模块的进化可能代表了拉米亚科植物微调花期的一种共同策略。总之,这些发现为了解广藿香类 FT 基因的扩展和功能多样性提供了新的视角。
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来源期刊
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
11.10
自引率
3.10%
发文量
410
审稿时长
33 days
期刊介绍: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry publishes original theoretical, experimental and technical contributions in the various fields of plant physiology (biochemistry, physiology, structure, genetics, plant-microbe interactions, etc.) at diverse levels of integration (molecular, subcellular, cellular, organ, whole plant, environmental). Opinions expressed in the journal are the sole responsibility of the authors and publication does not imply the editors'' agreement. Manuscripts describing molecular-genetic and/or gene expression data that are not integrated with biochemical analysis and/or actual measurements of plant physiological processes are not suitable for PPB. Also "Omics" studies (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc.) reporting descriptive analysis without an element of functional validation assays, will not be considered. Similarly, applied agronomic or phytochemical studies that generate no new, fundamental insights in plant physiological and/or biochemical processes are not suitable for publication in PPB. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry publishes several types of articles: Reviews, Papers and Short Papers. Articles for Reviews are either invited by the editor or proposed by the authors for the editor''s prior agreement. Reviews should not exceed 40 typewritten pages and Short Papers no more than approximately 8 typewritten pages. The fundamental character of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry remains that of a journal for original results.
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