Investigation of the Combination of Indoline and Naphthalimide in the Preparation of Photosensitizers for Photovoltaic Devices

IF 2.2 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Journal of Electronic Materials Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1007/s11664-024-11538-3

Mozhgan Hosseinnezhad, Sohrab Nasiri, Venkatramaiah Nutalapati, Kamaladin Gharanjig, Amirmasoud Arabi

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Abstract

Four dyes with substitutions of carbazole and phenothiazine in position C4 of naphthalimide were designed in conjugation as a donor–acceptor architecture (D–A). The absorption and emission characteristics of the prepared dyes were investigated in H₂O, dimethylformamide (DMF), and their mixture (DMF:H₂O = 1:1). The prepared dyes exhibited a pink and yellow color, with strong emission at λ_em = 526–590 nm due to charge transfer, with a positive solvatochromic effect. The feasibility of electron transfer in the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) structure and energy levels were evaluated using electrochemical and density functional theory (DFT), which confirmed the use of dyes in the DSSC structure. The DSSCs were prepared using an individual strategy, and their optical properties were investigated under light of AM 1.5. The DSSCs based on dyes 1–4 achieved efficiency of 4.37%, 4.59%, 4.11%, and 4.27%, respectively. Therefore, the power efficiency increased by about 39% in the presence of the phenothiazine group.

Graphical Abstract

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我们设计了四种在萘二甲酰亚胺的 C4 位上取代了咔唑和吩噻嗪的染料，并将其共轭为供体-受体结构（D-A）。研究了所制备染料在 H2O、二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）和它们的混合物（DMF:H2O = 1:1）中的吸收和发射特性。所制备的染料呈现粉红色和黄色，在 λem = 526-590 nm 处由于电荷转移而发出强烈的光，具有正溶解变色效应。利用电化学和密度泛函理论（DFT）评估了染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）结构和能级中电子转移的可行性，证实了在 DSSC 结构中使用染料。采用单独策略制备了 DSSC，并研究了它们在 AM 1.5 光照下的光学特性。基于染料 1-4 的 DSSC 的效率分别为 4.37%、4.59%、4.11% 和 4.27%。因此，在存在吩噻嗪基团的情况下，功率效率提高了约 39%。

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来源期刊

Journal of Electronic Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

4.80%

发文量

693

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Electronic Materials (JEM) reports monthly on the science and technology of electronic materials, while examining new applications for semiconductors, magnetic alloys, dielectrics, nanoscale materials, and photonic materials. The journal welcomes articles on methods for preparing and evaluating the chemical, physical, electronic, and optical properties of these materials. Specific areas of interest are materials for state-of-the-art transistors, nanotechnology, electronic packaging, detectors, emitters, metallization, superconductivity, and energy applications. Review papers on current topics enable individuals in the field of electronics to keep abreast of activities in areas peripheral to their own. JEM also selects papers from conferences such as the Electronic Materials Conference, the U.S. Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials, and the International Conference on Thermoelectrics. It benefits both specialists and non-specialists in the electronic materials field. A journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.