Study of Di-/Ferro-/Piezoelectric Properties of Sm3+-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles

IF 2.2 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Journal of Electronic Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI:10.1007/s11664-024-11480-4

Radha Verma, Sahil Goel, Komal Verma, Krishan Kant, Rajesh Kumar, Maneesha Garg, Rashi Gupta

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Abstract

Pristine ZnO and Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using a wet chemical co-precipitation technique. The morphological and structural characteristics of pristine and Sm-doped ZnO were studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Increases in lattice parameters, interplanar spacing, and volume was observed from the XRD patterns compared to its JCPDS card. Crystallite size, dislocation density, deformation stress, lattice strain, and energy density for both pristine and Sm-ZnO nanoparticles were calculated using Scherrer and Williamson–Hall (W–H) methods. An energy bandgap reduction was observed in the Sm-doped ZnO (E_g ~ 2.7 eV), which played a crucial role in explaining the increased leakage currents in Sm-ZnO. The Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles exhibited a remnant polarization (P_r ~ 0.163 µC/cm²) and a coercive field (E_c ~ 25.33 kV/cm). Current–voltage (I–V) characteristics show maximum current generated on applying varying voltages (V_max = 40 V, I_max = ~600 μA). Frequency- and temperature-dependent dielectric studies were conducted to examine the change in the values of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss with the variation in frequency and temperature. The Sm-doped ZnO-based nanogenerator generated an output voltage ~ 400 mV at tapping force of ~ 0.02 kgf, which makes it a prominent candidate for self-powered devices.

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Sm3+掺杂ZnO纳米颗粒的双/铁/压电性能研究

采用湿化学共沉淀法合成了原始氧化锌和sm掺杂氧化锌纳米颗粒。采用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）和x射线衍射（XRD）技术研究了原始ZnO和sm掺杂ZnO的形貌和结构特征。与JCPDS卡相比，从XRD图中可以观察到晶格参数、面间距和体积的增加。采用Scherrer和Williamson-Hall （W-H）方法计算了原始和Sm-ZnO纳米颗粒的晶粒尺寸、位错密度、变形应力、晶格应变和能量密度。在sm掺杂的ZnO （Eg ~ 2.7 eV）中观察到能量带隙减小，这是Sm-ZnO中泄漏电流增加的关键原因。sm掺杂ZnO纳米粒子具有残余极化（Pr ~ 0.163µC/cm2）和矫顽力场（Ec ~ 25.33 kV/cm）。电流-电压（I-V）特性显示了施加不同电压时产生的最大电流（Vmax = 40 V, Imax = ~600 μA）。进行了频率和温度相关的介电研究，以检查介电常数和介电损耗值随频率和温度变化的变化。在攻丝力为~ 0.02 kgf的情况下，smo掺杂zno基纳米发电机的输出电压为~ 400 mV，是自供电器件的理想选择。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Journal of Electronic Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

4.80%

发文量

693

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Electronic Materials (JEM) reports monthly on the science and technology of electronic materials, while examining new applications for semiconductors, magnetic alloys, dielectrics, nanoscale materials, and photonic materials. The journal welcomes articles on methods for preparing and evaluating the chemical, physical, electronic, and optical properties of these materials. Specific areas of interest are materials for state-of-the-art transistors, nanotechnology, electronic packaging, detectors, emitters, metallization, superconductivity, and energy applications. Review papers on current topics enable individuals in the field of electronics to keep abreast of activities in areas peripheral to their own. JEM also selects papers from conferences such as the Electronic Materials Conference, the U.S. Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials, and the International Conference on Thermoelectrics. It benefits both specialists and non-specialists in the electronic materials field. A journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.