Contrast induced nephropathy in women with infertility undergoing hysterosalpingography.

Abstract

Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) defined as an acute kidney injury following the administration of iodinated contrast medium (CM). Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a radiologic procedure used to investigate the shape and structure of the uterine cavity and the patency of the fallopian tubes in the evaluation of infertility. To date, there have been no reports evaluating the development of CIN after HSG procedure. Therefore, we investigated whether CIN development occurs in infertile women who underwent HSG and its relationship with clinical and laboratory changes in women who underwent HSG.

Methods: This study was undertaken in 65 women who had infertility evaluation, uterine anomalies and/or tubal blockages. CIN was defined as a 25% relative increase, or a 0.5 mg/dL (44 µmol/L) absolute increase, in serum baseline creatinine (SCr) within 72 h of contrast exposure in the absence of alternative conditions. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) was performed using 5-20 ml of contrast medium. All patients performed routine laboratory tests including assessment of serum creatinine and urea and estimated glomerular filtration rates before and 2-3 day after HSG. Statistical analysis was performed with MedCalc Statistical Software Program v22.023 (Ostend, Belgium) program.

Results: The mean ages of participants were 29.5 years and mean BMI were 26.2 kg/m2. The rate of CIN was 12.3% and the severe nephropathy was 1.5% in our study population. The baseline SCr level was 0.59 ± 0.06 mg/dL in women with CIN and 0.67 ± 0.11 mg/dL in women without CIN. The baseline SCr level was significantly lower in CIN group that non-CIN group (p = 0.0309). The SCr level significantly higher in CIN group than non-CIN group 48-72 h after HSG (p = 0.0005). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the baseline SCr was found an independent risk factor for the prediction of CIN in women who underwent HSG.

Conclusion: The HSG procedure is generally a safe method, but the iodine-containing contrast material used in HSG may be associated with temporary adverse effects on kidney function.