Insights into permafrost aggradation and thawing: A case study of Zonag Lake on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau using SAR interferometry

IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI:10.1002/esp.6011
Zhengjia Zhang, Qingxiang Wang, Peifeng Ma, Mengmeng Wang, Xiucheng Jiang
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Abstract

Lakes on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) are important indicators of climate change. The water level and area of Zonag Lake have increased sharply since 2000, and the west lake bottom area was exposed after an outburst of flood in September 2011. The drained basin was exposed to the cold environment, causing rapid permafrost forming. In this paper, time-series synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) was utilized to monitor the surface deformation of the drained basin using Sentinel-1A images within a 4-year period (2017–2020). This research focused on characterizing the spatial and temporal dynamics of ground deformation and exploring changes in the permafrost base around the drained basin based on the deformation information. The experimental results revealed spatially variable ground deformation, with long-term deformation rates ranging from −78.3 mm/year to 72.8 mm/year and seasonal amplitudes of 0–14 mm. Subsidence was prominent in the lakeshore, the thermokarst region and the slope drainage area, indicative of the thawing of ice-rich permafrost. Conversely, uplift was concentrated in the exposed unconsolidated sediment region, with a maximum displacement of 110 mm over the nearly 4-year observation period, suggesting ground ice aggradation. The uplift information was used to estimate the change in the permafrost base in the drained basin, yielding a maximum value of 4 m. The estimated permafrost base change closely aligned with simulated results, with an error of 0.28 m. This study demonstrates the capability of InSAR in monitoring permafrost stability and improving the understanding of the dynamic permafrost formation process.

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青藏高原的湖泊是气候变化的重要指标。自 2000 年以来,佐纳格湖的水位和面积急剧上升,2011 年 9 月的洪水爆发后,西湖湖底区域裸露出来。排水后的盆地暴露在寒冷的环境中,导致冻土迅速形成。本文利用时间序列合成孔径雷达干涉测量法(InSAR),利用 Sentinel-1A 图像监测了 4 年内(2017-2020 年)排水盆地的地表变形。这项研究的重点是描述地面变形的时空动态特征,并根据变形信息探索排水盆地周围冻土层基底的变化。实验结果表明,地面变形在空间上是多变的,长期变形速率为-78.3毫米/年至72.8毫米/年,季节振幅为0-14毫米。地面沉降主要发生在湖岸、热喀斯特地区和斜坡排水区,表明富冰永久冻土解冻。相反,隆起主要集中在裸露的未固结沉积物区域,在近 4 年的观测期内,最大位移量为 110 毫米,这表明地面冰层在增厚。隆升信息被用于估算排水盆地中永久冻土层基底的变化,得出的最大值为 4 米。这项研究证明了 InSAR 在监测冻土稳定性和提高对动态冻土形成过程的认识方面的能力。
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来源期刊
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
12.10%
发文量
215
审稿时长
4 months
期刊介绍: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms is an interdisciplinary international journal concerned with: the interactions between surface processes and landforms and landscapes; that lead to physical, chemical and biological changes; and which in turn create; current landscapes and the geological record of past landscapes. Its focus is core to both physical geographical and geological communities, and also the wider geosciences
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