{"title":"Air pollution is linked to cognitive decline independent of hypersensitive C-reactive protein: insights from middle-aged and older Chinese.","authors":"Li Huang, Xiangming Hu, Jia Liu, Jiajia Wang, Yingling Zhou, Guang Li, Guanghui Dong, Haojian Dong","doi":"10.1186/s12940-024-01148-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-term air pollution exposure and inflammation are considered to be associated with cognitive decline. However, whether air pollution exposure related cognitive decline is dependent on inflammation remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The present study collected data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) at baseline in 2011, with a follow up period in 2015. Concentration of air pollutants (particles with diameters ≤ 1.0 μm [PM<sub>1</sub>], ≤ 2.5 μm [PM<sub>2.5</sub>], ≤ 10 μm [PM<sub>10</sub>], nitrogen dioxide [NO<sub>2</sub>] and ozone [O<sub>3</sub>]) were obtained from China High Air Pollutants (CHAP) dataset. Hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a systemic inflammation marker, was measured in blood of subjects and cognitive function was assessed by standardized questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 6434 participants were included in the study. Lower exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> were associated with mitigated cognitive decline. The odds ratios (ORs) for air pollutants changes and cognitive decline and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were as follows: PM<sub>2.5</sub>-0.934(0.925, 0.943), PM<sub>1</sub>- 0.945 (0.935,0.955), PM<sub>10</sub>-0.977(0.972,0.982) and NO<sub>2</sub>-0.962(0.950,0.975), respectively. Hs-CRP showed no significant correlation with cognitive decline or change in levels of air pollution. The interaction regression analyses, both unadjusted and adjusted, did not uncover any significant correlation between hs-CRP and air pollution with respect to cognitive decline. Bootstrap test exhibited no significant mediating effect of hs-CRP on the relationship between any air pollutants and cognitive decline, the indirect effects of hs-CRP in conjunction with exposure to different air pollutants were all found to be non-significant, with the following bootstrap CIs and p-values: PM<sub>2.5</sub>-1.000([1.000,1.000], P = 0.480),PM<sub>1</sub>-1.000([1.000,1.000], P = 0.230),PM<sub>10</sub>-1.000([1.000,1.000], P = 0.650), O<sub>3</sub>-1.000([1.000,1.000], P = 0.470), ΔNO<sub>2</sub>-1.000([1.000,1.000], P = 0.830) .</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ambient air pollution exposure was linked to cognitive decline independent of hs-CRP level.</p>","PeriodicalId":11686,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"111"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662488/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Health","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-024-01148-1","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Long-term air pollution exposure and inflammation are considered to be associated with cognitive decline. However, whether air pollution exposure related cognitive decline is dependent on inflammation remains uncertain.
Materials and methods: The present study collected data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) at baseline in 2011, with a follow up period in 2015. Concentration of air pollutants (particles with diameters ≤ 1.0 μm [PM1], ≤ 2.5 μm [PM2.5], ≤ 10 μm [PM10], nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and ozone [O3]) were obtained from China High Air Pollutants (CHAP) dataset. Hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a systemic inflammation marker, was measured in blood of subjects and cognitive function was assessed by standardized questionnaire.
Results: A total of 6434 participants were included in the study. Lower exposure to PM2.5, PM1, PM10 and NO2 were associated with mitigated cognitive decline. The odds ratios (ORs) for air pollutants changes and cognitive decline and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were as follows: PM2.5-0.934(0.925, 0.943), PM1- 0.945 (0.935,0.955), PM10-0.977(0.972,0.982) and NO2-0.962(0.950,0.975), respectively. Hs-CRP showed no significant correlation with cognitive decline or change in levels of air pollution. The interaction regression analyses, both unadjusted and adjusted, did not uncover any significant correlation between hs-CRP and air pollution with respect to cognitive decline. Bootstrap test exhibited no significant mediating effect of hs-CRP on the relationship between any air pollutants and cognitive decline, the indirect effects of hs-CRP in conjunction with exposure to different air pollutants were all found to be non-significant, with the following bootstrap CIs and p-values: PM2.5-1.000([1.000,1.000], P = 0.480),PM1-1.000([1.000,1.000], P = 0.230),PM10-1.000([1.000,1.000], P = 0.650), O3-1.000([1.000,1.000], P = 0.470), ΔNO2-1.000([1.000,1.000], P = 0.830) .
Conclusion: Ambient air pollution exposure was linked to cognitive decline independent of hs-CRP level.
期刊介绍：
Environmental Health publishes manuscripts on all aspects of environmental and occupational medicine and related studies in toxicology and epidemiology.
Environmental Health is aimed at scientists and practitioners in all areas of environmental science where human health and well-being are involved, either directly or indirectly. Environmental Health is a public health journal serving the public health community and scientists working on matters of public health interest and importance pertaining to the environment.
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