Comparison of the Transport of Reactive Nitrogen Plasma Species into Water Bulk vs. Aerosolized Microdroplets

IF 2.6 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI:10.1007/s11090-024-10511-6

Mostafa Elsayed Hassan, Mário Janda, Zdenko Machala

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Abstract

This work presents the experimental study of the transport of typical air plasma long-lived reactive nitrogen species (RNS: HNO₂, NO₂, and NO) into deionized water and compares them with the most typical reactive oxygen species (ROS: H₂O₂ and O₃). RONS are generated either by external sources or by a hybrid streamer-transient spark plasma discharge, in contact with bulk water or aerosol of charged electrospray (ES) or non-charged nebulized microdroplets with a large gas/plasma-water interface. It was found that NO’s contribution to NO₂¯ ion formation was negligible, NO₂ contributed to about 10%, while the dominant contributor to NO₂¯ ion formation in water was gaseous HNO₂. A higher transport efficiency of O₃, and a much higher formation efficiency of NO₂¯ from gaseous NO₂ or HNO₂ than predicted by Henry’s law was observed, compared to the transport efficiency of H₂O₂ that corresponds to the expected Henry’s law solvation. The improvement of the transport/formation efficiencies by nebulized and ES microdroplets, where the surface area is significantly enhanced compared to the bulk water, is most evident for the solvation enhancement of the weakly soluble O₃. NO₂¯ ion formation efficiency was strongly improved in ES microdroplets with respect to bulk water and even to nebulized microdroplets, which is likely due to the charge effect that enhanced the formation of aqueous nitrite NO₂¯ ions when NO₂ or HNO₂ are transported into water. Comparisons of the molar amounts of O₃, H₂O₂, and NO₂¯ formed in water by hybrid streamer-transient spark plasma discharge with those obtained with single RONS from the external sources enabled us to estimate approximate concentrations of gaseous concentrations of HNO₂, NO₂, O₃, and H₂O₂. The medium or highly soluble gaseous HNO₂ or H₂O₂, with a low concentration of < 10 ppm are sufficient to induce the measured aqueous NO₂¯ or H₂O₂ amounts in water. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the transport mechanism of gaseous plasma RONS into water that can optimize the design of plasma–liquid interaction systems to produce efficient and selected aqueous RONS in water.

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活性氮等离子体在水体和雾化微滴中的输运比较

本文介绍了典型的空气等离子体长寿命活性氮（RNS: HNO2、NO2和NO）进入去离子水的实验研究，并将它们与最典型的活性氧（ROS: H2O2和O3）进行了比较。ron由外部源或混合流-瞬态火花等离子体放电产生，与大量水或带电电喷雾（ES）气溶胶或具有大气体/等离子体-水界面的非带电雾化微滴接触。研究发现，NO对NO2¯离子形成的贡献可以忽略不计，NO2对NO2¯离子形成的贡献约为10%，而水中NO2¯离子形成的主要贡献者是气态HNO2。与Henry定律所预测的H2O2的迁移效率相比，O3的迁移效率更高，NO2或HNO2在气态NO2或HNO2中形成NO2¯的效率比Henry定律所预测的要高得多。与散装水相比，雾化微滴和ES微滴的表面积显著增加，对弱溶性O3的溶剂化作用增强最为明显。相对于散装水甚至雾化微滴，ES微滴中的NO2¯离子形成效率都得到了显著提高，这可能是由于NO2或HNO2被输送到水中时，电荷效应增强了亚硝酸盐NO2¯离子的形成。将混合流-瞬态火花等离子体放电在水中形成的O3、H2O2和NO2¯的摩尔量与从外部源获得的单个RONS的摩尔量进行比较，使我们能够估计HNO2、NO2、O3和H2O2的气体浓度的近似浓度。中等或高度溶解的气体HNO2或H2O2，低浓度为<； 10ppm，足以诱导水中NO2¯或H2O2的测量量。该研究有助于更深入地了解气态等离子体ron进入水中的传输机制，从而优化等离子体-液体相互作用系统的设计，从而在水中产生高效和选择性的水性ron。

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来源期刊

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

8.30%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Publishing original papers on fundamental and applied research in plasma chemistry and plasma processing, the scope of this journal includes processing plasmas ranging from non-thermal plasmas to thermal plasmas, and fundamental plasma studies as well as studies of specific plasma applications. Such applications include but are not limited to plasma catalysis, environmental processing including treatment of liquids and gases, biological applications of plasmas including plasma medicine and agriculture, surface modification and deposition, powder and nanostructure synthesis, energy applications including plasma combustion and reforming, resource recovery, coupling of plasmas and electrochemistry, and plasma etching. Studies of chemical kinetics in plasmas, and the interactions of plasmas with surfaces are also solicited. It is essential that submissions include substantial consideration of the role of the plasma, for example, the relevant plasma chemistry, plasma physics or plasma–surface interactions; manuscripts that consider solely the properties of materials or substances processed using a plasma are not within the journal’s scope.