Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1007/s11090-024-10495-3
Sui Siyuan, Ni Guohua, Sun Hongmei, Kong Ling, Sun Tao
In this paper, a novel method is presented to enhance the antimicrobial properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) via plasma-induced grafting of quaternary ammonium (QA). The results show that the content of oxygen-containing functional groups on PVC surface is significantly increased after Ar-O2 plasma treatment, beneficially enhancing the thickness and adhesion of QA coating. Plasma treatment time critically affects the morphology of PVC surface, which is closely related to the number, depth and diameter of pit on the surface. With the increase of pits size, the PVC surface forms ridge-like protrusions. The coating formed by grafting QA maintains the morphology characteristics of plasma-treated PVC surface. Results of antibacterial test show that specimens have the best antibacterial activity when there are a high and sharp ridge-like structure of QA coating on the plasma-treated PVC surface.
{"title":"Ar-O2 Plasma-Induced Grafting of Quaternary Ammonium on Polyvinyl Chloride Surface to Improve its Antimicrobial Properties","authors":"Sui Siyuan, Ni Guohua, Sun Hongmei, Kong Ling, Sun Tao","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10495-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-024-10495-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, a novel method is presented to enhance the antimicrobial properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) via plasma-induced grafting of quaternary ammonium (QA). The results show that the content of oxygen-containing functional groups on PVC surface is significantly increased after Ar-O<sub>2</sub> plasma treatment, beneficially enhancing the thickness and adhesion of QA coating. Plasma treatment time critically affects the morphology of PVC surface, which is closely related to the number, depth and diameter of pit on the surface. With the increase of pits size, the PVC surface forms ridge-like protrusions. The coating formed by grafting QA maintains the morphology characteristics of plasma-treated PVC surface. Results of antibacterial test show that specimens have the best antibacterial activity when there are a high and sharp ridge-like structure of QA coating on the plasma-treated PVC surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141871053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1007/s11090-024-10491-7
Zhengtao Zhao, Lin Lyu, Chuang Xiang, Yunkai Cai
{"title":"Influence of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Power on the Removal of CH4 and NO From Exhaust Emissions of LNG Engines","authors":"Zhengtao Zhao, Lin Lyu, Chuang Xiang, Yunkai Cai","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10491-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-024-10491-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The oxidation behavior of actual diesel particulate matter (DPM) prepared from diesel combustion was studied using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The primary oxidation temperature (T30 at which 30% of DPM was oxidized) was reduced from 524 °C (with non-discharge, NDC) to 409 °C with discharge (DC). It was found that the dry soot (DS) from DPM after dichloromethane extraction was more difficult to be oxidized than DPM due to the loss of soluble organic fraction (SOF) from DPM. The order of activation energies of DPM and DS under conditions of DC and NDC is: DPM–DC < DPM–NDC < DS–DC < DS–NDC. The intermediates of DPM oxidation at different temperatures, pulse peak voltages and reaction gas atmospheres were investigated via operando DRIFTS–MS. It is found that under DC, SOF can be oxidized to oxygen containing compounds (OCC) at low temperatures, and a higher pulse peak voltage is beneficial to DPM oxidation. The main product of 10 vol% O2/N2 discharge gas is high valence nitrogen oxides like NO2, which participates in DPM oxidation. DBD plasma enhances DPM oxidation primarily through two mechanisms: first, by ionizing O2 to produce strong oxidizing substances, and second, by inhibiting the increasing content of graphitized components. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of DPM oxidation kinetics and intermediates under DBD plasma.
{"title":"Low-Temperature Oxidation of Diesel Particulate Matter Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma","authors":"Baoyong Ren, Tiantian Zhang, Zuliang Wu, Jing Li, Erhao Gao, Wei Wang, Jiali Zhu, Shuiliang Yao","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10492-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-024-10492-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The oxidation behavior of actual diesel particulate matter (DPM) prepared from diesel combustion was studied using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The primary oxidation temperature (<i>T</i><sub>30</sub> at which 30% of DPM was oxidized) was reduced from 524 °C (with non-discharge, NDC) to 409 °C with discharge (DC). It was found that the dry soot (DS) from DPM after dichloromethane extraction was more difficult to be oxidized than DPM due to the loss of soluble organic fraction (SOF) from DPM. The order of activation energies of DPM and DS under conditions of DC and NDC is: DPM–DC < DPM–NDC < DS–DC < DS–NDC. The intermediates of DPM oxidation at different temperatures, pulse peak voltages and reaction gas atmospheres were investigated via <i>operando</i> DRIFTS–MS. It is found that under DC, SOF can be oxidized to oxygen containing compounds (OCC) at low temperatures, and a higher pulse peak voltage is beneficial to DPM oxidation. The main product of 10 vol% O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> discharge gas is high valence nitrogen oxides like NO<sub>2</sub>, which participates in DPM oxidation. DBD plasma enhances DPM oxidation primarily through two mechanisms: first, by ionizing O<sub>2</sub> to produce strong oxidizing substances, and second, by inhibiting the increasing content of graphitized components. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of DPM oxidation kinetics and intermediates under DBD plasma.</p>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141587286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1007/s11090-024-10494-4
Nadir Aloui, Ibtissem Belgacem, Ahmad Hamdan
Plasma-liquid interactions yield numerous physicochemical phenomena, rendering them promising for various applications. Plasma-based technology is proposed for water treatment due to its high efficiency in removing contaminants unattainable by conventional techniques. In this study, we employ an argon microwave plasma jet (MWPJ) to investigate methylene blue (MB) degradation. We observe a significant enhancement in the MB degradation rate in a covered system, attributed to increased air humidity promoting hydroxyl radicals (OH) production, which degrade approximately 95% of MB. Furthermore, the injection of O2 gas into the solution under the plasma generates more hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), around 30 mg/L compared to approximately 20 mg/L without injection, although the MB degradation efficiency is reduced. We evaluate MB degradation under various solution properties, revealing that increasing electrical conductivity decreases the MB degradation rate until it becomes independent for conductivities > 10,000 µS/cm. In these latter conditions, a non-conventional temporal evolution of solution conductivity was observed: a decrease during the first tens of minutes followed by a continuous increase for longer treatment time. Conversely, solution acidity minimally affects the MB degradation rate. The MWPJ is characterized by optical emission spectroscopy, showing stability over time and under various solution properties. The energy yield (Y50%) consistently demonstrates superior performance of the MWPJ in a closed environment compared to an open-to-air environment. Although its efficiency is relatively low compared to other systems, we anticipate improvements through parameter adjustments.
{"title":"Degradation of Methylene Blue by Using an Argon Microwave Plasma Jet in Humid Environment","authors":"Nadir Aloui, Ibtissem Belgacem, Ahmad Hamdan","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10494-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-024-10494-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plasma-liquid interactions yield numerous physicochemical phenomena, rendering them promising for various applications. Plasma-based technology is proposed for water treatment due to its high efficiency in removing contaminants unattainable by conventional techniques. In this study, we employ an argon microwave plasma jet (MWPJ) to investigate methylene blue (MB) degradation. We observe a significant enhancement in the MB degradation rate in a covered system, attributed to increased air humidity promoting hydroxyl radicals (OH) production, which degrade approximately 95% of MB. Furthermore, the injection of O<sub>2</sub> gas into the solution under the plasma generates more hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), around 30 mg/L compared to approximately 20 mg/L without injection, although the MB degradation efficiency is reduced. We evaluate MB degradation under various solution properties, revealing that increasing electrical conductivity decreases the MB degradation rate until it becomes independent for conductivities > 10,000 µS/cm. In these latter conditions, a non-conventional temporal evolution of solution conductivity was observed: a decrease during the first tens of minutes followed by a continuous increase for longer treatment time. Conversely, solution acidity minimally affects the MB degradation rate. The MWPJ is characterized by optical emission spectroscopy, showing stability over time and under various solution properties. The energy yield (Y<sub>50%</sub>) consistently demonstrates superior performance of the MWPJ in a closed environment compared to an open-to-air environment. Although its efficiency is relatively low compared to other systems, we anticipate improvements through parameter adjustments.</p>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1007/s11090-024-10493-5
Ali Nawaz, Alessandro Cian, Lorenza Ferrario, Antonino Picciotto
Hydrofluorocarbon gas chemistries have long been favored for SiO2 etching. However, the fluorocarbon polymer generated during the process not only assists in obtaining a high selectivity, but also leads to chamber wall contamination. The adhesion efficiency of the polymer depends on the chamber wall temperature, which needs to be well-controlled to ensure controllable polymer deposition rate and etch characteristics. Similarly, the increasing gas temperature during the process is also expected to increase the production rate of polymer precursors. Hence, it is important to properly condition the chamber so that a sufficiently high and stable chamber temperature is reached before starting the actual process. This work utilizes an Inductively Coupled Plasma Reactive Ion Etcher to optimize a multi-cycle chamber conditioning process for two C4F8/H2-based chemistries. We use the integrated optical emission spectroscopy (OES) tool to show that the dependence of etch characteristics on conditioning time is much stronger for the highly polymerizing chemistry. For a low conditioning time (< 15 min), the instability of plasma species indicate that the chamber temperature has not yet plateaued, resulting in a ⁓60% decrease of recess in the underlying silicon layer during the lot processing time. By conducting systematic etch tests, we analyze the behavior of key OES peaks to identify the optimal conditioning time (≥ 30 min) for this recipe, which results in only a 13% decrease in silicon recess depth during the processing time. Subsequently, a method to assess the stability of plasma species during the conditioning process is devised, assisting in advance to identify the optimal moment to initiate the lot process. By comparing the experimental results of the two etch recipes, we also highlight the important correlation between conditioning time and polymerizing degree of the chemistry.
{"title":"Multi-cycle Chamber Conditioning for Plasma Etching of SiO2: From Optimization to Stability in Lot Processing","authors":"Ali Nawaz, Alessandro Cian, Lorenza Ferrario, Antonino Picciotto","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10493-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-024-10493-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrofluorocarbon gas chemistries have long been favored for SiO<sub>2</sub> etching. However, the fluorocarbon polymer generated during the process not only assists in obtaining a high selectivity, but also leads to chamber wall contamination. The adhesion efficiency of the polymer depends on the chamber wall temperature, which needs to be well-controlled to ensure controllable polymer deposition rate and etch characteristics. Similarly, the increasing gas temperature during the process is also expected to increase the production rate of polymer precursors. Hence, it is important to properly condition the chamber so that a sufficiently high and stable chamber temperature is reached before starting the actual process. This work utilizes an Inductively Coupled Plasma Reactive Ion Etcher to optimize a multi-cycle chamber conditioning process for two C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>8</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>-based chemistries. We use the integrated optical emission spectroscopy (OES) tool to show that the dependence of etch characteristics on conditioning time is much stronger for the highly polymerizing chemistry. For a low conditioning time (< 15 min), the instability of plasma species indicate that the chamber temperature has not yet plateaued, resulting in a ⁓60% decrease of recess in the underlying silicon layer during the lot processing time. By conducting systematic etch tests, we analyze the behavior of key OES peaks to identify the optimal conditioning time (≥ 30 min) for this recipe, which results in only a 13% decrease in silicon recess depth during the processing time. Subsequently, a method to assess the stability of plasma species during the conditioning process is devised, assisting in advance to identify the optimal moment to initiate the lot process. By comparing the experimental results of the two etch recipes, we also highlight the important correlation between conditioning time and polymerizing degree of the chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1007/s11090-024-10490-8
Linlin Zhong, Bayitake Baheti, Qi Wu
Fluorinated gases, e.g., CF3I, C3F8, C4F8, C4F7N, and C5F10O, show potential to replace SF6 in power industry due to their high dielectric strength and low global warming potential . However, particle condensation from arc plasmas of these compounds may reduce dielectric performance. We perform a systematic investigation of particle condensation in two-temperature (2T) arc plasmas of various SF6 replacements mixed with CO2, N2, and O2, by the Gibbs free energy minimization and entropy maximization methods. The influences of buffer gases, non-equilibrium degree, and gas pressure on particle condensation are discussed in various cases. The results indicate that O2 is necessary to prevent graphite formation in carbon–fluorine gaseous arcs, and specific mixing ratios of CO2 and N2 are required to avoid graphite and iodine crystals in CF3I arc plasmas. The relationship between condensation temperature and non-equilibrium degree is complex, with peaks and valleys observed for graphite and iodine crystal condensation temperatures. Moreover, different calculation methods (Gibbs free energy minimization versus entropy maximization) show varying sensitivity of condensation temperatures to pressure changes. All the above findings highlight the importance of considering non-equilibrium effects and multiple condensed species in evaluating arc plasma compositions of SF6 replacements.
{"title":"Particle Condensation in Two-Temperature (2T) Arc Plasmas of Various SF6 Replacements","authors":"Linlin Zhong, Bayitake Baheti, Qi Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10490-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-024-10490-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fluorinated gases, e.g., CF<sub>3</sub>I, C<sub>3</sub>F<sub>8</sub>, C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>8</sub>, C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>7</sub>N, and C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O, show potential to replace SF<sub>6</sub> in power industry due to their high dielectric strength and low global warming potential . However, particle condensation from arc plasmas of these compounds may reduce dielectric performance. We perform a systematic investigation of particle condensation in two-temperature (2T) arc plasmas of various SF<sub>6</sub> replacements mixed with CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and O<sub>2</sub>, by the Gibbs free energy minimization and entropy maximization methods. The influences of buffer gases, non-equilibrium degree, and gas pressure on particle condensation are discussed in various cases. The results indicate that O<sub>2</sub> is necessary to prevent graphite formation in carbon–fluorine gaseous arcs, and specific mixing ratios of CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> are required to avoid graphite and iodine crystals in CF<sub>3</sub>I arc plasmas. The relationship between condensation temperature and non-equilibrium degree is complex, with peaks and valleys observed for graphite and iodine crystal condensation temperatures. Moreover, different calculation methods (Gibbs free energy minimization versus entropy maximization) show varying sensitivity of condensation temperatures to pressure changes. All the above findings highlight the importance of considering non-equilibrium effects and multiple condensed species in evaluating arc plasma compositions of SF<sub>6</sub> replacements.</p>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C5F10O-Air mixtures have a great potential to replace SF6 in medium-voltage power equipment. However, during the partial overheating or arc discharge, C5F10O-Air mixtures are inevitably to decompose to form various byproducts. The local chemical non-equilibrium and local thermal non-equilibrium appears due to the finite reaction rates and insufficient energy change between species. This paper establishes a chemical kinetic model to calculate the decomposition byproducts of C5F10O-Air mixtures from 500 K to 3500 K by taking into account the local thermal non-equilibrium and local chemical non-equilibrium simultaneously. The chemical kinetic model contains 50 species and 249 reactions. All the reactions are assumed to be reversible except the reactions producing photos. The local thermal non-equilibrium is characterized by the difference of the electron temperature (Te) and the temperature of heavy species (Th). In this work, the ratio of Te to Th is determined to be a function of the electron number density. Therefore, the value varies with electron number density. The temperature dependent decomposition composition of C5F10O-Air mixtures with C5F10O content to be 5%, 10% and 15% are obtained. In order to investigate the effects of Air on the decomposition of C5F10O, the decomposition products of pure C5F10O from 500 K to 3500 K are also investigated. In addition, the main chemical processes in 0.1C5F10O-0.9Air mixture are investigated by capturing the main reaction pathways. The main reaction pathways can help interpret the formation mechanism of the decomposition products.
在中压电力设备中,C5F10O-空气混合物具有取代 SF6 的巨大潜力。然而,在局部过热或电弧放电过程中,C5F10O-空气混合物不可避免地会分解形成各种副产品。由于反应速率有限,物种间能量变化不充分,会出现局部化学非平衡和局部热非平衡。本文建立了一个化学动力学模型,通过同时考虑局部热非均衡和局部化学非均衡,计算 500 K 至 3500 K C5F10O-Air 混合物的分解副产物。化学动力学模型包含 50 个物种和 249 个反应。除产生光的反应外,所有反应均假定为可逆反应。局部热非均衡的特征是电子温度(Te)和重金属温度(Th)之差。在这项研究中,Te 与 Th 之比被确定为电子数密度的函数。因此,该值随电子数密度的变化而变化。在 C5F10O 含量为 5%、10% 和 15%的 C5F10O-Air 混合物中,得到了随温度变化的分解成分。为了研究空气对 C5F10O 分解的影响,还研究了纯 C5F10O 在 500 K 至 3500 K 的分解产物。此外,通过捕捉主要反应途径,研究了 0.1C5F10O-0.9Air 混合物中的主要化学过程。主要反应途径有助于解释分解产物的形成机理。
{"title":"Calculation of the decomposition products of C5F10O-Air mixtures from 500 K to 3500 K with a chemical kinetic model","authors":"Qingqing Gao, Xiaohua Wang, Haofei Sun, Aijun Yang, Chunping Niu","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10485-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-024-10485-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O-Air mixtures have a great potential to replace SF<sub>6</sub> in medium-voltage power equipment. However, during the partial overheating or arc discharge, C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O-Air mixtures are inevitably to decompose to form various byproducts. The local chemical non-equilibrium and local thermal non-equilibrium appears due to the finite reaction rates and insufficient energy change between species. This paper establishes a chemical kinetic model to calculate the decomposition byproducts of C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O-Air mixtures from 500 K to 3500 K by taking into account the local thermal non-equilibrium and local chemical non-equilibrium simultaneously. The chemical kinetic model contains 50 species and 249 reactions. All the reactions are assumed to be reversible except the reactions producing photos. The local thermal non-equilibrium is characterized by the difference of the electron temperature (<i>T</i><sub>e</sub>) and the temperature of heavy species (<i>T</i><sub>h</sub>). In this work, the ratio of <i>T</i><sub>e</sub> to <i>T</i><sub>h</sub> is determined to be a function of the electron number density. Therefore, the value varies with electron number density. The temperature dependent decomposition composition of C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O-Air mixtures with C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O content to be 5%, 10% and 15% are obtained. In order to investigate the effects of Air on the decomposition of C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O, the decomposition products of pure C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O from 500 K to 3500 K are also investigated. In addition, the main chemical processes in 0.1C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O-0.9Air mixture are investigated by capturing the main reaction pathways. The main reaction pathways can help interpret the formation mechanism of the decomposition products.</p>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-28DOI: 10.1007/s11090-024-10467-7
Mamunur Rashid, M. R. Talukder
Applications of plasmas in agriculture are fascinating researchers because of its potentiality. Plasmas are applied either for seed treatment or as foliar application of plasma-activated water (PAW) for studying agricultural yield. No work has been done so far to study the effects on growth parameters, enzymatic activities, nutritional parameters, and yield of potato (Solanum tubersum L.) grown from the second-generation seeds (G2) (seeds collected from the potato plants where foliar spray of PAW was applied). Two-fold plasma treatments were applied in this experiment: (a) potato seeds were treated in water with plasma and (b) foliar spray of PAW was applied to potato plants. Effects of plasma treatments were characterized by enzymatic activities, sugar and protein concentrations, potato plant growth and yield characters. The findings show that the plant length, stem diameter, fresh weight, and the concentrations of total chlorophyll and carotene are increased in the plants where G2 treated seeds along with foliar spray of PAWs were provided. Further, the concentrations of total soluble sugar, protein and minerals were increased. Besides, the yield of potato was enhanced by (23.95%), and (23.21%), respectively, in the plants where combined plasma treatments were used compared to controls of first-generation (G1) plasma treated and untreated seeds along with PAW foliar spray.
{"title":"Combined Plasma Treatment Effects on Growth and Yield: Second-Generation Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Seeds","authors":"Mamunur Rashid, M. R. Talukder","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10467-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-024-10467-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Applications of plasmas in agriculture are fascinating researchers because of its potentiality. Plasmas are applied either for seed treatment or as foliar application of plasma-activated water (PAW) for studying agricultural yield. No work has been done so far to study the effects on growth parameters, enzymatic activities, nutritional parameters, and yield of potato (<i>Solanum tubersum</i> L.) grown from the second-generation seeds (G2) (seeds collected from the potato plants where foliar spray of PAW was applied). Two-fold plasma treatments were applied in this experiment: (a) potato seeds were treated in water with plasma and (b) foliar spray of PAW was applied to potato plants. Effects of plasma treatments were characterized by enzymatic activities, sugar and protein concentrations, potato plant growth and yield characters. The findings show that the plant length, stem diameter, fresh weight, and the concentrations of total chlorophyll and carotene are increased in the plants where G2 treated seeds along with foliar spray of PAWs were provided. Further, the concentrations of total soluble sugar, protein and minerals were increased. Besides, the yield of potato was enhanced by <span>(23.95%)</span>, and <span>(23.21%)</span>, respectively, in the plants where combined plasma treatments were used compared to controls of first-generation (G1) plasma treated and untreated seeds along with PAW foliar spray.</p>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-28DOI: 10.1007/s11090-024-10480-w
Arnold Wiesner, Rafael Diez, Hubert Piquet
The aim of this article is to improve the performance of DBD excimer lamps systems for UV production. Within this framework, our approach considers two distinct directions: the geometric dimensions of the double-barrier lamp bulb and the characteristics of the power supply. To explore these directions, a sampling of 19 bulbs of different geometries is considered, and a specially designed power supply is used, capable of controlling the shape (duration and magnitude) and frequency of current pulses injected into the plasma. A dedicated test bench, including a supervisory program that drives the power supply and collects system performance data, is used to perform parametric sweeps and guarantee measurement repeatability: the set of electrical parameters is fully explored for each lamp, and each experiment is characterized by UV emission performance and electrical generator operating conditions. Multiquadric response surfaces, used to format the results of this multi-variable exploration, reveal the most efficient directions for system optimization: increasing gas volume and, at a given operating frequency, providing the shortest possible current pulses with high amplitude can increase both UV emission and conversion efficiency.
{"title":"Influence of the Bulb Geometry and Electrical Supply Parameters on the UV Emission of DBD Excimer Lamps","authors":"Arnold Wiesner, Rafael Diez, Hubert Piquet","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10480-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-024-10480-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this article is to improve the performance of DBD excimer lamps systems for UV production. Within this framework, our approach considers two distinct directions: the geometric dimensions of the double-barrier lamp bulb and the characteristics of the power supply. To explore these directions, a sampling of 19 bulbs of different geometries is considered, and a specially designed power supply is used, capable of controlling the shape (duration and magnitude) and frequency of current pulses injected into the plasma. A dedicated test bench, including a supervisory program that drives the power supply and collects system performance data, is used to perform parametric sweeps and guarantee measurement repeatability: the set of electrical parameters is fully explored for each lamp, and each experiment is characterized by UV emission performance and electrical generator operating conditions. Multiquadric response surfaces, used to format the results of this multi-variable exploration, reveal the most efficient directions for system optimization: increasing gas volume and, at a given operating frequency, providing the shortest possible current pulses with high amplitude can increase both UV emission and conversion efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1007/s11090-024-10486-4
Dai-En Li, Che-Hsin Lin
This study utilized a direct current-needle system for plasma generation and liquid flow inducement. The liquid flow was visualized and analyzed by particle image velocimetry. Electrolyte solutions of potassium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, calcium chloride and chromium(III) nitrate with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mM were studied. The results indicate that the plasma induces an upward liquid flow with an area mean velocity of up to 3.0 mm/s. The flow speed decreases with increasing electrolyte concentration and shows a strong dependence on the solution’s conductivity. This study proposed a physical model based on these findings. The plasma generates short-lived ions and electrons, which shift the hydrogen bonds among the water molecules through their electrical effect. This process creates an intermolecular force gradient and induces liquid flow on the water surface. The distance that electrostatic effect of a charged particle can persist in an electrolyte solution is defined as Debye length. This physical quantity decreases with increasing ionic strength or electrical conductivity. Thus, the plasma induces slower liquid flow in solutions with higher electrolyte concentration. Based on the regression analysis, the characteristic flow velocity is significantly proportional to the square of the solution’s Debye length, with a coefficient of determination of 0.9365.
{"title":"Experimental Validation on the Ionic Strength and Charge Effect in Plasma-Induced Liquid Mobility","authors":"Dai-En Li, Che-Hsin Lin","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10486-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-024-10486-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study utilized a direct current-needle system for plasma generation and liquid flow inducement. The liquid flow was visualized and analyzed by particle image velocimetry. Electrolyte solutions of potassium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, calcium chloride and chromium(III) nitrate with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mM were studied. The results indicate that the plasma induces an upward liquid flow with an area mean velocity of up to 3.0 mm/s. The flow speed decreases with increasing electrolyte concentration and shows a strong dependence on the solution’s conductivity. This study proposed a physical model based on these findings. The plasma generates short-lived ions and electrons, which shift the hydrogen bonds among the water molecules through their electrical effect. This process creates an intermolecular force gradient and induces liquid flow on the water surface. The distance that electrostatic effect of a charged particle can persist in an electrolyte solution is defined as Debye length. This physical quantity decreases with increasing ionic strength or electrical conductivity. Thus, the plasma induces slower liquid flow in solutions with higher electrolyte concentration. Based on the regression analysis, the characteristic flow velocity is significantly proportional to the square of the solution’s Debye length, with a coefficient of determination of 0.9365.</p>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}