Assessing favipiravir impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission within households: Insights from a multi-center study (FaviPrev).

IF 3.5 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Journal of Virus Eradication Pub Date : 2024-12-12 eCollection Date: 2024-12-01 DOI:10.1016/j.jve.2024.100576
Taweegrit Siripongboonsitti, Marisa Muadchimkaew, Kriangkrai Tawinprai, Ornisa Issaranon, Wichuda Meepholkij, Pureepat Arttawejkul, Apiradee Vararungzarit, Onwalee Dhissayakamol, Wilaiporn Preeyachit, Kamonwan Soonklang, Nithi Mahanonda
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Abstract

Background: While certain studies have demonstrated that antiviral treatment administered to index patients with influenza can mitigate the transmission within households, the efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents in curtailing household transmission remains to be conclusively established.

Methods: A retrospective study conducted from April 2021 to May 2022 across multiple centers in Thailand compared 892 individuals treated with favipiravir to 84 who received standard treatment among mild to moderate COVID-19 index patients. The study focused on the impact of favipiravir treatment in reducing household SARS-CoV-2 transmission by examining the secondary attack rate.

Results: Favipiravir significantly reduced household SARS-CoV-2 transmission, comparing 1836 household contacts with favipiravir-treated index cases to 170 contacts whose index cases received standard care. Favipiravir led to a 58 % secondary attack rate, substantially lower than the 71.8 % observed with standard treatment, representing a 54 % reduction in transmission likelihood, with an odds ratio of 0.46 (95 % confidence interval [CI] [0.23-0.89]). Index cases treated with favipiravir also demonstrated a relative risk reduction of 0.19 in transmission (95 % CI [0.11-0.27]). Remarkably, favipiravir effectiveness was most notable in unvaccinated index cases, those with symptomatic infections, individuals living in shared spaces like dormitories, flats, or apartments, and those not adhering to mask-wearing within their households.

Conclusions: Favipiravir has demonstrated in this study an indirect role in reducing household SARS-CoV-2 transmission, showing notable efficacy in symptomatic and unvaccinated index cases. This breakthrough highlights its potential in broader public health strategies. Exploring the roles and challenges of other anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents remains a vital goal in ongoing research.

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评估favipiravir对家庭内SARS-CoV-2传播的影响:来自多中心研究的见解(FaviPrev)。
背景:虽然某些研究表明,对流感患者进行抗病毒治疗可以减轻家庭内的传播,但抗sars - cov -2药物在减少家庭传播方面的功效仍有待最终确定。方法:2021年4月至2022年5月,在泰国多个中心进行了一项回顾性研究,比较了在轻至中度COVID-19指数患者中接受favipiravir治疗的892名患者和接受标准治疗的84名患者。该研究通过检查继发率,重点研究了favipiravir治疗对减少家庭SARS-CoV-2传播的影响。结果:Favipiravir显著降低了家庭SARS-CoV-2传播,比较了1836例favipirvir治疗的家庭接触者和170例接受标准治疗的家庭接触者。Favipiravir导致58%的二次发作率,大大低于标准治疗的71.8%,代表传播可能性降低54%,优势比为0.46(95%可信区间[CI][0.23-0.89])。favipiravir治疗的指数病例也显示传播的相对风险降低了0.19 (95% CI[0.11-0.27])。值得注意的是,favipiravir的有效性在未接种疫苗的指数病例、有症状的感染者、住在宿舍、公寓或公寓等共用空间的个人以及在家中不坚持戴口罩的人身上最为显著。结论:在本研究中,Favipiravir在减少家庭SARS-CoV-2传播方面具有间接作用,在有症状和未接种疫苗的指数病例中表现出显著疗效。这一突破突出了其在更广泛的公共卫生战略中的潜力。探索其他抗sars - cov -2药物的作用和挑战仍然是正在进行的研究的重要目标。
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来源期刊
Journal of Virus Eradication
Journal of Virus Eradication Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
1.80%
发文量
28
审稿时长
39 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Virus Eradication aims to provide a specialist, open-access forum to publish work in the rapidly developing field of virus eradication. The Journal covers all human viruses, in the context of new therapeutic strategies, as well as societal eradication of viral infections with preventive interventions. The Journal is aimed at the international community involved in the prevention and management of viral infections. It provides an academic forum for the publication of original research into viral reservoirs, viral persistence and virus eradication and ultimately development of cures. The Journal not only publishes original research, but provides an opportunity for opinions, reviews, case studies and comments on the published literature. It focusses on evidence-based medicine as the major thrust in the successful management of viral infections.The Journal encompasses virological, immunological, epidemiological, modelling, pharmacological, pre-clinical and in vitro, as well as clinical, data including but not limited to drugs, immunotherapy and gene therapy. It is an important source of information on the development of vaccine programs and preventative measures aimed at virus eradication.
期刊最新文献
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