Pub Date : 2025-03-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2025.100595
Feiyan Chen , Run Dang , Mingqi Zhao , Yi Chen , Jinda Huang , Yunlong Zuo , Yiyu Yang
Objective
Respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by adenovirus pneumonia (AVP) present significant challenges for pediatricians. High-level adenovirus-neutralizing antibody plasma (HL-ANAP), containing elevated levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), might represent a valuable passive immunotherapy option. To assess the therapeutic effects, we investigated three cases diagnosed with adenovirus type 7 (Adv7)-induced severe ARDS, which required combined therapy with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and HL-ANAP.
Methods
Blood samples from three patients with Adv7-induced ARDS were collected before HL-ANAP administration, and at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, and 7, 21, and 28 days after treatment. We measured Adv7 viral load, NAb titers, and cytokine levels in the serum, describing the observed trends.
Results and discussion
All patients survived. Before HL-ANAP transfusion, Adv7 viral loads exceeded 1∗10^7. Adv7 viral loads gradually decreased within 72 hours after HL-ANAP transfusion, accompanied by a rising trend in NAb titers. IL-6 and IL-8 levels decreased sharply during the first 24 hours post-HL-ANAP transfusion, followed by a slower decline.
Conclusion
HL-ANAP may be effective in treating ARDS induced by severe type-7 adenoviral pneumonia in children. This approach may reduce adenovirus load, decrease systemic inflammation, and improve clinical outcomes. The neutralizing antibody's activity against the virus may occur within 24–72 hours post-infusion in vivo.
{"title":"High-level adenovirus-neutralizing antibodies plasma beneficial for adenovirus type 7 (Adv7) induced pediatric severe ARDS","authors":"Feiyan Chen , Run Dang , Mingqi Zhao , Yi Chen , Jinda Huang , Yunlong Zuo , Yiyu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by adenovirus pneumonia (AVP) present significant challenges for pediatricians. High-level adenovirus-neutralizing antibody plasma (HL-ANAP), containing elevated levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), might represent a valuable passive immunotherapy option. To assess the therapeutic effects, we investigated three cases diagnosed with adenovirus type 7 (Adv7)-induced severe ARDS, which required combined therapy with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and HL-ANAP.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Blood samples from three patients with Adv7-induced ARDS were collected before HL-ANAP administration, and at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, and 7, 21, and 28 days after treatment. We measured Adv7 viral load, NAb titers, and cytokine levels in the serum, describing the observed trends.</div></div><div><h3>Results and discussion</h3><div>All patients survived. Before HL-ANAP transfusion, Adv7 viral loads exceeded 1∗10^7. Adv7 viral loads gradually decreased within 72 hours after HL-ANAP transfusion, accompanied by a rising trend in NAb titers. IL-6 and IL-8 levels decreased sharply during the first 24 hours post-HL-ANAP transfusion, followed by a slower decline.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HL-ANAP may be effective in treating ARDS induced by severe type-7 adenoviral pneumonia in children. This approach may reduce adenovirus load, decrease systemic inflammation, and improve clinical outcomes. The neutralizing antibody's activity against the virus may occur within 24–72 hours post-infusion in vivo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2025.100594
Molalign Aligaz Adisu
Background
Measles remains a global public health concern, despite the availability of effective vaccines. Recent outbreaks highlight the need for strong vaccination programs. Since launching both doses, Ethiopia has been working with global health organizations to increase vaccination coverage. However, focusing solely on coverage overlooks the importance of timely vaccination. In Ethiopia, despite occasional increases in coverage, measles outbreaks persist due to insufficient attention to timeliness. This study aims to assess the timeliness and its determinants of second-dose measles-containing vaccine uptake in Gondar City to inform efforts to strengthen immunization programs and prevent measles infections.
Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 618 children aged 24–36 months. Participants were selected using a two-stage systematic random sampling method from April 25 to May 25. Structured questionnaires were administered through interviews, and data were collected using the Kobo toolbox and then analyzed using Stata version 17. A binary logistic regression model was utilized to determine factors associated with the outcome, with significance declared at a p-value <0.05. Adjusted odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were used to assess the direction and strength of associations.
Results
Among the total of 618 children, 523 (84.63 %) (95 % CI: 81.77 %–87.48 %) were vaccinated for MCV2 timely (in the national recommended age). Paternal college and above in their education (AOR: 5.84, 95 % CI: 1.55–8.18), four or more ANC follow-ups (AOR: 5.84, 95 % CI: 1.55–8.18), at least two doses of vitamin An uptake (AOR: 6.39, 95 % CI: 2.92–12.59), mothers having high awareness (AOR: 2.04, 95 % CI: 1.05–3.99), and mothers having positive perception (AOR: 4.81, 95 % CI: 2.13–10.86) to measles vaccination were significant determinants for timely uptake of the second dose measles-containing vaccine.
Conclusion and recommendations
The timely uptake of the second dose of the measles vaccine in the study area was suboptimal, and efforts should be continued to eradicate measles infection. Paternal educational status, ANC follow-ups, repeated vitamin An uptake, maternal awareness, and perception of measles vaccination were statistically significant determinants for the timely uptake of a second dose of measles-containing vaccine. Strengthening maternal and child health services, increasing awareness, and changing mothers' perceptions about measles vaccination may increase the timely uptake of MCV2 among children receiving a second MCV dose.
{"title":"Timeliness of the second dose of measles-containing vaccine uptake and its determinants among children aged 24–36 months in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023: Community-based cross-sectional study design","authors":"Molalign Aligaz Adisu","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Measles remains a global public health concern, despite the availability of effective vaccines. Recent outbreaks highlight the need for strong vaccination programs. Since launching both doses, Ethiopia has been working with global health organizations to increase vaccination coverage. However, focusing solely on coverage overlooks the importance of timely vaccination. In Ethiopia, despite occasional increases in coverage, measles outbreaks persist due to insufficient attention to timeliness. This study aims to assess the timeliness and its determinants of second-dose measles-containing vaccine uptake in Gondar City to inform efforts to strengthen immunization programs and prevent measles infections.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 618 children aged 24–36 months. Participants were selected using a two-stage systematic random sampling method from April 25 to May 25. Structured questionnaires were administered through interviews, and data were collected using the Kobo toolbox and then analyzed using Stata version 17. A binary logistic regression model was utilized to determine factors associated with the outcome, with significance declared at a p-value <0.05. Adjusted odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were used to assess the direction and strength of associations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the total of 618 children, 523 (84.63 %) (95 % CI: 81.77 %–87.48 %) were vaccinated for MCV2 timely (in the national recommended age). Paternal college and above in their education (AOR: 5.84, 95 % CI: 1.55–8.18), four or more ANC follow-ups (AOR: 5.84, 95 % CI: 1.55–8.18), at least two doses of vitamin An uptake (AOR: 6.39, 95 % CI: 2.92–12.59), mothers having high awareness (AOR: 2.04, 95 % CI: 1.05–3.99), and mothers having positive perception (AOR: 4.81, 95 % CI: 2.13–10.86) to measles vaccination were significant determinants for timely uptake of the second dose measles-containing vaccine.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion and recommendations</h3><div>The timely uptake of the second dose of the measles vaccine in the study area was suboptimal, and efforts should be continued to eradicate measles infection. Paternal educational status, ANC follow-ups, repeated vitamin An uptake, maternal awareness, and perception of measles vaccination were statistically significant determinants for the timely uptake of a second dose of measles-containing vaccine. Strengthening maternal and child health services, increasing awareness, and changing mothers' perceptions about measles vaccination may increase the timely uptake of MCV2 among children receiving a second MCV dose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2025.100591
Jingyu Wang , Yuechuan Cui , Henan Dong , Jie Zhao , Meng Wang , Chunlei Zhou , Hong Mu
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has been exacerbated by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.1, which quickly became the predominant strain worldwide in early 2022. The COVID-19 pandemic has not only burdened healthcare systems but has also led to a new emerging medical question whether chronic underlying diseases (CUDs) are associated with clinical characteristics of populations infected with Omicron BA.1. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of CUDs on the clinical characteristics of adult patients (APs) with Omicron BA.1 infection.
Methods
We performed an analysis on 320 individuals who were admitted to Tianjin First Central Hospital for treatment in the initial largest outbreak of the Omicron variant BA.1 infection between January and February 2022 in Tianjin, China. Clinical data were collected during the treatment and recovery, including gender, age, vaccination, CUDs, clinical manifestations, and nucleic acid test. These data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software, version 22.0.
Results
Our findings suggest that 178 (56 %) out of 320 APs have CUDs at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. APs with CUDs have a higher median age [55 (40–62)] compared to APs without CUDs [38 (30–47)] and lower vaccination rates [158 (89 %)] compared to APs without CUDs [138 (97 %)]. Multivariable logistic regression results indicate that CUDs and advanced age (≥60 years old) are unfavorable factors for the increase in the severity of Omicron BA.1 infection [age (≥60 years old), OR = 2.96, 95 % CI: 1.35–6.50, P = 0.01; CUDs, OR = 2.78, 95 % CI: 1.65–4.70, P < 0.001]. Meanwhile, we observe that APs with CUDs exhibit significantly elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and higher re-detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive (RP) rates, while notably reduced lymphocyte levels compared with those without CUDs. Additionally, we propose that vaccination played a positive role in reducing IL-6 and CRP levels, and RP rates, as well as increasing SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody levels in APs with CUDs.
Conclusion
This research not only enhances the understanding of the association between CUDs and the clinical manifestations of APs infected with Omicron BA.1, but also offers valuable insights for preventing and managing Omicron BA.1 infections in this demographic. Moreover, it supports the policy of prioritizing vaccination for adults with CUDs.
{"title":"The association between chronic underlying diseases and the clinical characteristics in adult patients infected with Omicron BA.1","authors":"Jingyu Wang , Yuechuan Cui , Henan Dong , Jie Zhao , Meng Wang , Chunlei Zhou , Hong Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has been exacerbated by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.1, which quickly became the predominant strain worldwide in early 2022. The COVID-19 pandemic has not only burdened healthcare systems but has also led to a new emerging medical question whether chronic underlying diseases (CUDs) are associated with clinical characteristics of populations infected with Omicron BA.1. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of CUDs on the clinical characteristics of adult patients (APs) with Omicron BA.1 infection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed an analysis on 320 individuals who were admitted to Tianjin First Central Hospital for treatment in the initial largest outbreak of the Omicron variant BA.1 infection between January and February 2022 in Tianjin, China. Clinical data were collected during the treatment and recovery, including gender, age, vaccination, CUDs, clinical manifestations, and nucleic acid test. These data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software, version 22.0.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings suggest that 178 (56 %) out of 320 APs have CUDs at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. APs with CUDs have a higher median age [55 (40–62)] compared to APs without CUDs [38 (30–47)] and lower vaccination rates [158 (89 %)] compared to APs without CUDs [138 (97 %)]. Multivariable logistic regression results indicate that CUDs and advanced age (≥60 years old) are unfavorable factors for the increase in the severity of Omicron BA.1 infection [age (≥60 years old), OR = 2.96, 95 % CI: 1.35–6.50, <em>P</em> = 0.01; CUDs, OR = 2.78, 95 % CI: 1.65–4.70, <em>P</em> < 0.001]. Meanwhile, we observe that APs with CUDs exhibit significantly elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and higher re-detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive (RP) rates, while notably reduced lymphocyte levels compared with those without CUDs. Additionally, we propose that vaccination played a positive role in reducing IL-6 and CRP levels, and RP rates, as well as increasing SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody levels in APs with CUDs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This research not only enhances the understanding of the association between CUDs and the clinical manifestations of APs infected with Omicron BA.1, but also offers valuable insights for preventing and managing Omicron BA.1 infections in this demographic. Moreover, it supports the policy of prioritizing vaccination for adults with CUDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2025.100588
E. Seremba , R. Ssekitoleko , A. Ocanit , M.M. Kagimu , M. Waiswa , J. Nankya-Mutyoba , E. Akweny , A. Bakainaga , M.R. Lawrence , C. Kabugo , P. Ocama
Despite having the highest Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-related mortality globally, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been slow in its disease elimination campaign. We describe a 5-year experience in HBV management at a large facility in Uganda and how it can inform future management strategies.
HBV-related patient data were abstracted from clinic records. Of 2664 patients, 1828 (68.6 %) had documented chronic HBV infection. Participants were young, mean age (±SD) 31.3 (±10.6) and equally split by gender. Overall, 423 (23.1 %) were on antiviral medications including 158/229 (69.0 %) with a sonographic diagnosis of cirrhosis and 130/282 (46.1 %) with Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) score ≥0.5.48/1828 (2.6 %) had Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).
In multivariable analysis, APRI score ≥0.5 [OR (95 % CI) = 1.76 (1.26–2.46), p < 0.01], elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) [OR (95 % CI) = 2.25 (1.35–4.47), p = 0.04], and HBV viral load ≥2,000IU/mL [OR (95 % CI) = 2.97 (1.68–5.22), p < 0.01] were predictors of cirrhosis/HCC. Also, an APRI score of ≥0.5 [OR (95 % CI) = 1.62 (1.19–2.22), p = 0.01], elevated ALT [OR (95 % CI) = 2.60 (1.23–5.49), p = 0.02], cirrhosis [OR (95 % CI) = 21.65 (9.26–50.59), p < 0.01], and viral load ≥2,000IU/mL [OR (95 % CI) = 6.62 (3.93–11.15), p < 0.01] were associated with antiviral use.
Cirrhosis/HCC apparently occur at lower APRI scores in SSA suggesting need for urgent adoption of the 2024 WHO guidelines which provide for earlier initiation of anti-HBV therapy.
{"title":"Management of chronic hepatitis B in Uganda: A five-year experience following the initiation of a national sensitization and care campaign","authors":"E. Seremba , R. Ssekitoleko , A. Ocanit , M.M. Kagimu , M. Waiswa , J. Nankya-Mutyoba , E. Akweny , A. Bakainaga , M.R. Lawrence , C. Kabugo , P. Ocama","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite having the highest Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-related mortality globally, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been slow in its disease elimination campaign. We describe a 5-year experience in HBV management at a large facility in Uganda and how it can inform future management strategies.</div><div>HBV-related patient data were abstracted from clinic records. Of 2664 patients, 1828 (68.6 %) had documented chronic HBV infection. Participants were young, mean age (±SD) 31.3 (±10.6) and equally split by gender. Overall, 423 (23.1 %) were on antiviral medications including 158/229 (69.0 %) with a sonographic diagnosis of cirrhosis and 130/282 (46.1 %) with Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) score ≥0.5.48/1828 (2.6 %) had Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).</div><div>In multivariable analysis, APRI score ≥0.5 [OR (95 % CI) = 1.76 (1.26–2.46), p < 0.01], elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) [OR (95 % CI) = 2.25 (1.35–4.47), p = 0.04], and HBV viral load ≥2,000IU/mL [OR (95 % CI) = 2.97 (1.68–5.22), p < 0.01] were predictors of cirrhosis/HCC. Also, an APRI score of ≥0.5 [OR (95 % CI) = 1.62 (1.19–2.22), p = 0.01], elevated ALT [OR (95 % CI) = 2.60 (1.23–5.49), p = 0.02], cirrhosis [OR (95 % CI) = 21.65 (9.26–50.59), p < 0.01], and viral load ≥2,000IU/mL [OR (95 % CI) = 6.62 (3.93–11.15), p < 0.01] were associated with antiviral use.</div><div>Cirrhosis/HCC apparently occur at lower APRI scores in SSA suggesting need for urgent adoption of the 2024 WHO guidelines which provide for earlier initiation of anti-HBV therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2025.100586
Mohsen Poudineh , Omeed Darweesh , Mohsen Mokhtari , Omid Zolfaghari , Azad Khaledi , Ahmad Piroozmand
In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents for viral infections. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression of microRNAs in the identification and treatment of viral infections.
MiRNAs are non-coding molecules that control gene expression and participate in numerous biological processes, including host immunity and pathogen duplication. MiRNAs have played a role in the pathogenesis of various viral infections, such as HIV and HCV. Their presence in the tissues and serum of infected patients has been demonstrated to help predict disease progression, identify disease subtypes, and evaluate treatment responses.
Research has shown that miRNAs can detect viral infections by identifying specific miRNAs in serum. For example, miRNA expression profiling was recently used to distinguish between hepatitis C and hepatitis B viral infections precisely. Furthermore, miRNAs can be used to detect the presence of multiple viral infections simultaneously by assessing the expression levels of these miRNAs. Also, miRNAs can differentiate between different genetic variants of the same virus, which is useful for identifying emerging viral strains or drug-resistant ones.
MiRNAs have been identified as being a factor in treating viral infections. For example, miRNA mimics have decreased gene expression and halted viral replication in HIV, HCV, and EBV. Moreover, microRNA antagonists have been utilized to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby modulating the immune response and the severity of infections.
{"title":"Expression of microRNAs in the detection and therapeutic roles of viral infections: Mechanisms and applications","authors":"Mohsen Poudineh , Omeed Darweesh , Mohsen Mokhtari , Omid Zolfaghari , Azad Khaledi , Ahmad Piroozmand","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents for viral infections. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression of microRNAs in the identification and treatment of viral infections.</div><div>MiRNAs are non-coding molecules that control gene expression and participate in numerous biological processes, including host immunity and pathogen duplication. MiRNAs have played a role in the pathogenesis of various viral infections, such as HIV and HCV. Their presence in the tissues and serum of infected patients has been demonstrated to help predict disease progression, identify disease subtypes, and evaluate treatment responses.</div><div>Research has shown that miRNAs can detect viral infections by identifying specific miRNAs in serum. For example, miRNA expression profiling was recently used to distinguish between hepatitis C and hepatitis B viral infections precisely. Furthermore, miRNAs can be used to detect the presence of multiple viral infections simultaneously by assessing the expression levels of these miRNAs. Also, miRNAs can differentiate between different genetic variants of the same virus, which is useful for identifying emerging viral strains or drug-resistant ones.</div><div>MiRNAs have been identified as being a factor in treating viral infections. For example, miRNA mimics have decreased gene expression and halted viral replication in HIV, HCV, and EBV. Moreover, microRNA antagonists have been utilized to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby modulating the immune response and the severity of infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2025.100582
Tauseef Ahmad
{"title":"Global trends in Marburg virus disease: Another potential threat to global health in the making?","authors":"Tauseef Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100582","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cervical cancer ranks as the common prevalent cancer, among women worldwide especially impacting low-resource countries. In Bangladesh, this accounts for 12 % of all cancer cases. The development of cancer is closely linked to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Despite the availability of HPV vaccines, their uptake remains limited in Bangladesh. Thus, this research aims to assess the knowledge and willingness of parents and school teachers regarding HPV vaccination for eligible girls in Bangladesh.
Methodology
This study involved 406 parents and school teachers of girls aged 9–14 years from Dhaka city. A cross-sectional study design was used. Data collection was done through a questionnaire administered by interviewers after pre-testing and refinement for clarity and reliability. Analysis was carried out using Stata 17 software. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to uncover associations and predictors related to knowledge levels and willingness.
Results
Findings revealed that a majority of participants (64.04 %) exhibited an understanding of HPV and cervical cancer yet a high percentage (98.28 %) expressed willingness to engage in HPV vaccination initiatives. participants with primary (AOR = 3.306, p < 0.005), secondary (AOR = 8.806, p < 0.001), and higher education (AOR = 5.059, p < 0.001), as well as those from upper-middle-income groups (AOR = 3.038, p < 0.001), had significantly higher knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer.
Conclusion
The research emphasizes lack of knowledge regarding HPV and its vaccination among parents and educators in Bangladesh despite a willingness to vaccinate. These results emphasize the importance of tailored initiatives and better access, to health information to increase HPV vaccine acceptance and lower the incidence of cervical cancer.
{"title":"Knowledge and willingness towards human Papillomavirus vaccination among the parents and school teachers of eligible girls in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A school-based cross-sectional study","authors":"Samina Sultana , MD Nahid Hassan Nishan , Aklima Akter , Dalia Rahman , Fowzia Yasmin , Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cervical cancer ranks as the common prevalent cancer, among women worldwide especially impacting low-resource countries. In Bangladesh, this accounts for 12 % of all cancer cases. The development of cancer is closely linked to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Despite the availability of HPV vaccines, their uptake remains limited in Bangladesh. Thus, this research aims to assess the knowledge and willingness of parents and school teachers regarding HPV vaccination for eligible girls in Bangladesh.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>This study involved 406 parents and school teachers of girls aged 9–14 years from Dhaka city. A cross-sectional study design was used. Data collection was done through a questionnaire administered by interviewers after pre-testing and refinement for clarity and reliability. Analysis was carried out using Stata 17 software. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to uncover associations and predictors related to knowledge levels and willingness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings revealed that a majority of participants (64.04 %) exhibited an understanding of HPV and cervical cancer yet a high percentage (98.28 %) expressed willingness to engage in HPV vaccination initiatives. participants with primary (AOR = 3.306, p < 0.005), secondary (AOR = 8.806, p < 0.001), and higher education (AOR = 5.059, p < 0.001), as well as those from upper-middle-income groups (AOR = 3.038, p < 0.001), had significantly higher knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The research emphasizes lack of knowledge regarding HPV and its vaccination among parents and educators in Bangladesh despite a willingness to vaccinate. These results emphasize the importance of tailored initiatives and better access, to health information to increase HPV vaccine acceptance and lower the incidence of cervical cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100590"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2025.100589
Yunyi Li , Xiaoxian Cui , Ai Lin , Wei Tang , Yuying Yang , Wanju Zhang , Jiayu Hu , Zhi Li , Yanqiu Zhou
Measles is an acute and highly contagious viral disease that poses significant public health challenges globally. Since 2001, continuous virologic surveillance has been conducted in Shanghai, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the nucleoprotein (N gene) and fusion gene (F gene) of the measles virus (MeV) over a 21-year period. Between 2001 and 2022, there were a total of 1405 MeV strains isolated by the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and prevention (SCDC), including 6 strains of genotype D8, 8 strains of genotype B3, 12 strains of genotype H1b, and the remaining strains of genotype H1a. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify the 3′ end of the N gene (450 nt) and the complete sequence of the F gene (1622 nt) from the viral isolates. Sequencing of the RT-PCR products was followed by nucleotide and amino acid phylogenetic analyses. The substitution rates were for the F and N genes in Shanghai were determined to be 0.89 × 10−3 and 2.20 × 10−3 substitutions site/year, respectively.
Globally, the nucleotide and amino acid similarities of the N gene among 13,498 MeV isolates ranged from 89.1 %–100.0 % and 90.2 %–100.0 %, respectively. Notably, the F gene exhibited 16 high-amino-acid-mutation sites, most of which differed among H1a MeV strains compared to the Shanghai-191 vaccine strain. The deletion of the glycosylation site at aa 9–11(NVS) was primarily observed in H1a and H1b of MeV strains. However, critical functional sites in the F gene remained conserved.
In conclusion, the previously predominant indigenous H1a wild-type measles virus (MeV) has not been detected for over two years, with only imported MeV genotypes currently being identified. It is crucial to strengthen the surveillance of MeV genotypes to facilitate the timely identification and containment of imported measles cases, thereby preventing potential outbreaks.
{"title":"Genetic characterization on the nucleoprotein and fusion gene of wild-type measles virus circulating in Shanghai, 2001–2022","authors":"Yunyi Li , Xiaoxian Cui , Ai Lin , Wei Tang , Yuying Yang , Wanju Zhang , Jiayu Hu , Zhi Li , Yanqiu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Measles is an acute and highly contagious viral disease that poses significant public health challenges globally. Since 2001, continuous virologic surveillance has been conducted in Shanghai, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the nucleoprotein (N gene) and fusion gene (F gene) of the measles virus (MeV) over a 21-year period. Between 2001 and 2022, there were a total of 1405 MeV strains isolated by the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and prevention (SCDC), including 6 strains of genotype D8, 8 strains of genotype B3, 12 strains of genotype H1b, and the remaining strains of genotype H1a. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify the 3′ end of the N gene (450 nt) and the complete sequence of the F gene (1622 nt) from the viral isolates. Sequencing of the RT-PCR products was followed by nucleotide and amino acid phylogenetic analyses. The substitution rates were for the F and N genes in Shanghai were determined to be 0.89 × 10<sup>−3</sup> and 2.20 × 10<sup>−3</sup> substitutions site<sup>/</sup>year, respectively.</div><div>Globally, the nucleotide and amino acid similarities of the N gene among 13,498 MeV isolates ranged from 89.1 %–100.0 % and 90.2 %–100.0 %, respectively. Notably, the F gene exhibited 16 high-amino-acid-mutation sites, most of which differed among H1a MeV strains compared t<u>o</u> the Shanghai-191 vaccine strain. The deletion of the glycosylation site at aa 9–11(NVS) was primarily observed in H1a and H1b of MeV strains. However, critical functional sites in the F gene remained conserved.</div><div>In conclusion, the previously predominant indigenous H1a wild-type measles virus (MeV) has not been detected for over two years, with only imported MeV genotypes currently being identified. It is crucial to strengthen the surveillance of MeV genotypes to facilitate the timely identification and containment of imported measles cases, thereby preventing potential outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2025.100587
Haisheng Yu , Yinghui Cao , Liang Cheng , Guangming Li , Liguo Zhang , Lishan Su
Human dendritic cells (DCs) are classified into three subsets based on their ontogeny, transcriptomes, and functions. During primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, DCs in the peripheral tissues capture the HIV-1 particles, migrate to the lymph nodes, transfer the particles to CD4+ T cells, and initiate infection. However, the identity of the DC subset involved is yet elusive. Hitherto, a novel subset (AXL+DCs) has been identified in human blood, which is transcriptomically and functionally distinct from three known subsets. Compared to these, resting AXL+DCs express Siglec1 (CD169), capture HIV-1 particles in a CD169-dependent manner, and mediate transinfection. These results suggested that AXL+ DCs may facilitate HIV-1 transmission and the spread of very early-stage HIV infection in patients. Therapeutic strategies that target AXL+DCs or CD169 interaction with HIV-1 may provide pre-exposure protection during the initial stages of HIV-1 infection.
{"title":"Human CD123+AXL+ dendritic cells express Siglec1 that captures and transmits HIV-1 particles to the T cells","authors":"Haisheng Yu , Yinghui Cao , Liang Cheng , Guangming Li , Liguo Zhang , Lishan Su","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human dendritic cells (DCs) are classified into three subsets based on their ontogeny, transcriptomes, and functions. During primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, DCs in the peripheral tissues capture the HIV-1 particles, migrate to the lymph nodes, transfer the particles to CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, and initiate infection. However, the identity of the DC subset involved is yet elusive. Hitherto, a novel subset (AXL<sup>+</sup>DCs) has been identified in human blood, which is transcriptomically and functionally distinct from three known subsets. Compared to these, resting AXL<sup>+</sup>DCs express Siglec1 (CD169), capture HIV-1 particles in a CD169-dependent manner, and mediate transinfection. These results suggested that AXL<sup>+</sup> DCs may facilitate HIV-1 transmission and the spread of very early-stage HIV infection in patients. Therapeutic strategies that target AXL<sup>+</sup>DCs or CD169 interaction with HIV-1 may provide pre-exposure protection during the initial stages of HIV-1 infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"11 2","pages":"Article 100587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2025.100585
Mobin Ibne Mokbul , Shuvajit Saha , Samiha Nahar Tuli , Fatema Binte Nur , A.M. Khairul Islam , Tariful Islam , Shirsho Shreyan , Alok Bijoy Bhadra , Golam Dastageer Prince , Irfath Sharmin Eva , Mustari Nailah Tabassum , Ferdous Wahid , Md Irfan Bin Kayes , Nazim Hassan Ziad , Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader
The emergence of the Nipah virus (NiV) poses a significant global health threat, particularly in South-East Asian countries. This cross-sectional nationwide study is a pioneer in assessing knowledge levels of NiV outbreak among the general population in Bangladesh. It was conducted among the general population of Bangladesh from 15th January to 10th February 2024. A conveniently selected sample of individuals participated in the assessment of their knowledge about NiV. A semi-structured questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. After data curation, a total of 2121 responses that met the inclusion criteria were retained for analysis. Among 2121 participants, 69.38 % were aware of NiV. Overall, 62 % demonstrated good knowledge of the virus. The main sources of information were social media (29.9 %), television (25.41 %), educational institutions (18.95 %), newspapers (13.65 %), friends (6.39 %), and workplaces (5.91 %). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that participants aged 31–40 years had lower odds of poor knowledge (OR = 0.57, 95 % CI: 0.39–0.82, p < 0.01) compared to those aged 21–30. Females had higher odds of poor knowledge (OR = 1.38, 95 % CI: 1.05–1.81, p = 0.02) than males. Lower education levels were associated with higher odds of poor knowledge. Moreover, non-healthcare workers also had higher odds of poor knowledge compared to healthcare workers. There were regional differences, with varying odds in Rangpur (OR = 0.43, 95 % CI: 0.26–0.70, p < 0.01), Khulna (OR = 1.70, 95 % CI: 1.10–2.61, p = 0.01), and Mymensingh (OR = 2.77, 95 % CI: 1.70–4.53, p < 0.01) compared to Dhaka. The current study underscores the importance of evidence-based educational strategies, and may guide government and policymakers to design future targeted interventions to enhance public health literacy and mitigate the spread of NiV in Bangladesh as well as in its neighbouring countries.
{"title":"Assessment of the general population knowledge about the emergence of Nipah virus outbreak in Bangladesh: A nationwide cross-sectional study","authors":"Mobin Ibne Mokbul , Shuvajit Saha , Samiha Nahar Tuli , Fatema Binte Nur , A.M. Khairul Islam , Tariful Islam , Shirsho Shreyan , Alok Bijoy Bhadra , Golam Dastageer Prince , Irfath Sharmin Eva , Mustari Nailah Tabassum , Ferdous Wahid , Md Irfan Bin Kayes , Nazim Hassan Ziad , Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of the Nipah virus (NiV) poses a significant global health threat, particularly in South-East Asian countries. This cross-sectional nationwide study is a pioneer in assessing knowledge levels of NiV outbreak among the general population in Bangladesh. It was conducted among the general population of Bangladesh from 15th January to 10th February 2024. A conveniently selected sample of individuals participated in the assessment of their knowledge about NiV. A semi-structured questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. After data curation, a total of 2121 responses that met the inclusion criteria were retained for analysis. Among 2121 participants, 69.38 % were aware of NiV. Overall, 62 % demonstrated good knowledge of the virus. The main sources of information were social media (29.9 %), television (25.41 %), educational institutions (18.95 %), newspapers (13.65 %), friends (6.39 %), and workplaces (5.91 %). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that participants aged 31–40 years had lower odds of poor knowledge (OR = 0.57, 95 % CI: 0.39–0.82, p < 0.01) compared to those aged 21–30. Females had higher odds of poor knowledge (OR = 1.38, 95 % CI: 1.05–1.81, p = 0.02) than males. Lower education levels were associated with higher odds of poor knowledge. Moreover, non-healthcare workers also had higher odds of poor knowledge compared to healthcare workers. There were regional differences, with varying odds in Rangpur (OR = 0.43, 95 % CI: 0.26–0.70, p < 0.01), Khulna (OR = 1.70, 95 % CI: 1.10–2.61, p = 0.01), and Mymensingh (OR = 2.77, 95 % CI: 1.70–4.53, p < 0.01) compared to Dhaka. The current study underscores the importance of evidence-based educational strategies, and may guide government and policymakers to design future targeted interventions to enhance public health literacy and mitigate the spread of NiV in Bangladesh as well as in its neighbouring countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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