{"title":"A methodological scoping review on EMG processing and synergy-based results in muscle synergy studies in Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Valentina Lanzani, Cristina Brambilla, Alessandro Scano","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2024.1445447","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Parkinson's Disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. It affects mainly people over 65 and the incidence increases with age. It is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms and several clinical manifestations. The most evident symptom that affects all patients with Parkinson's Disease is the impairment of motor control, including bradykinesia, tremor, joint rigidity, and postural instability. In the literature, it has been evaluated with muscle synergies, a well-known method for evaluating motor control at the muscular level. However, few studies are available and there is still a major gap to fill to exploit the potential of the method for assessing motor control in Parkinson's Disease, both in the understanding of physiopathology and clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the light of understanding and fostering future developments for the field, in this review we initially screened 212 papers on Scopus and Web of Science and selected 15 of them to summarize the main features of investigations that employed muscle synergies to analyze patients with Parkinson's Disease. We detailed the features of the screened papers by reporting the clinical findings, a detailed report of EMG processing choices and synergy-based results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that synergistic control is in general altered in patients with Parkinson's Disease, but it can improve if patients are subjected to pharmacological and rehabilitation therapies. Moreover, a further understanding of synergistic control in Parkinson's patients is needed.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We discuss the future developments in the field with a detailed assessment of the topic on the view of physicians, including the most promising lines of research for clinical practice and from the perspective of engineers, for methodological application of synergistic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"12 ","pages":"1445447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743385/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1445447","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Introduction: Parkinson's Disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. It affects mainly people over 65 and the incidence increases with age. It is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms and several clinical manifestations. The most evident symptom that affects all patients with Parkinson's Disease is the impairment of motor control, including bradykinesia, tremor, joint rigidity, and postural instability. In the literature, it has been evaluated with muscle synergies, a well-known method for evaluating motor control at the muscular level. However, few studies are available and there is still a major gap to fill to exploit the potential of the method for assessing motor control in Parkinson's Disease, both in the understanding of physiopathology and clinical practice.
Methods: In the light of understanding and fostering future developments for the field, in this review we initially screened 212 papers on Scopus and Web of Science and selected 15 of them to summarize the main features of investigations that employed muscle synergies to analyze patients with Parkinson's Disease. We detailed the features of the screened papers by reporting the clinical findings, a detailed report of EMG processing choices and synergy-based results.
Results: We found that synergistic control is in general altered in patients with Parkinson's Disease, but it can improve if patients are subjected to pharmacological and rehabilitation therapies. Moreover, a further understanding of synergistic control in Parkinson's patients is needed.
Discussion: We discuss the future developments in the field with a detailed assessment of the topic on the view of physicians, including the most promising lines of research for clinical practice and from the perspective of engineers, for methodological application of synergistic approaches.
帕金森氏病是世界上第二常见的神经退行性疾病。它主要影响65岁以上的人群，发病率随着年龄的增长而增加。它以运动和非运动症状以及几种临床表现为特征。影响所有帕金森病患者的最明显症状是运动控制障碍，包括运动迟缓、震颤、关节僵硬和姿势不稳定。在文献中，已经用肌肉协同作用来评估它，这是一种在肌肉水平上评估运动控制的众所周知的方法。然而，可用的研究很少，并且在对生理病理和临床实践的理解方面，仍有一个主要的空白需要填补，以利用该方法评估帕金森病运动控制的潜力。方法：为了理解和促进该领域的未来发展，在本综述中，我们初步筛选了Scopus和Web of Science上的212篇论文，并从中选择了15篇来总结利用肌肉协同作用分析帕金森病患者的研究的主要特点。我们通过报告临床结果、肌电图处理选择的详细报告和基于协同的结果，详细介绍了筛选论文的特点。结果：我们发现帕金森病患者的协同控制通常发生改变，但如果患者接受药物和康复治疗，协同控制可以改善。此外，需要进一步了解帕金森病患者的协同控制。讨论：我们讨论了该领域的未来发展，并从医生的角度对该主题进行了详细的评估，包括临床实践中最有前途的研究方向，以及从工程师的角度，对协同方法的方法学应用。
期刊介绍：
The translation of new discoveries in medicine to clinical routine has never been easy. During the second half of the last century, thanks to the progress in chemistry, biochemistry and pharmacology, we have seen the development and the application of a large number of drugs and devices aimed at the treatment of symptoms, blocking unwanted pathways and, in the case of infectious diseases, fighting the micro-organisms responsible. However, we are facing, today, a dramatic change in the therapeutic approach to pathologies and diseases. Indeed, the challenge of the present and the next decade is to fully restore the physiological status of the diseased organism and to completely regenerate tissue and organs when they are so seriously affected that treatments cannot be limited to the repression of symptoms or to the repair of damage. This is being made possible thanks to the major developments made in basic cell and molecular biology, including stem cell science, growth factor delivery, gene isolation and transfection, the advances in bioengineering and nanotechnology, including development of new biomaterials, biofabrication technologies and use of bioreactors, and the big improvements in diagnostic tools and imaging of cells, tissues and organs.
In today`s world, an enhancement of communication between multidisciplinary experts, together with the promotion of joint projects and close collaborations among scientists, engineers, industry people, regulatory agencies and physicians are absolute requirements for the success of any attempt to develop and clinically apply a new biological therapy or an innovative device involving the collective use of biomaterials, cells and/or bioactive molecules. “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” aspires to be a forum for all people involved in the process by bridging the gap too often existing between a discovery in the basic sciences and its clinical application.
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