Local thermal non-equilibrium effects on radiative ternary hybrid nanofluid with thermophoresis and Stefan Blowing impacts: Yamada-Ota and Xue model

Abstract

This paper examines the influence of Stefan blowing on the Darcy-Forchheimer 2D flow of a trihybrid liquid by taking into account local thermal non-equilibrium conditions and thermophoretic particle deposition in the manifestation of nanoparticles. The present study inspects the properties of heat transmission without local thermal equilibrium conditions using a simple mathematical model. The local thermal non-equilibrium classical generates two dissimilar necessary thermal gradients for the liquid and solid phases. A trihybrid nanofluid consisting of $Ti{O}_2$, $AA7072$, $AA7075$ and propylene glycol (${C_{3}H}_8{O}_2)$ as the base fluid is used. This model is crucial for optimizing thermal management systems in complex technical attributes where efficient heat dissipation is crucial, such as microelectronic cooling. It also aids in enhancing the efficiency of solar thermal systems by raising heat transfer rates. The analytical method known as Homotopy analysis method is used to obtain the numerical outcomes of the governing equations. The flow distribution, mass transfer rate, and heat transmission rate all rise as the Stefan blowing factor rises, whereas the solutal and thermal fields of the liquid and solid phases decline. Increasing the Stefan blowing parameter value from 0.1 to 0.7 results in a 7.21% increase in the liquid phase heat transfer values of the trihybrid nanofluid.