Impact of solar thermal radiation and shape factors on 3D flow of Casson tetra hybrid nanofluid

Abstract

This study investigates the 3D flow characteristics of a tetra hybrid nanofluid across a stretching sheet, taking into account thermal radiation, shape factors (sphere, column, and lamina), and the effects of a Casson base liquid (blood). Four nanoparticles are considered: ZrO₂, MoS₂, MWCNTs, and UO₂. Nonlinear ODEs are derived from the governing nonlinear PDEs using similarity transformations. The model's performance is evaluated through both numerical and analytical solutions, with the analytical solution constructed using the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) and the numerical solution with the help of the Explicit Runge-Kutta Technique (ERKM). The effects of key parameters across velocity, temperature profiles, Nusselt numbers and skin friction, is illustrated. Results for specific cases are compared between the numerical and analytical approaches. Columns, spheres, and lamina are examples of the nanoparticle shapes used in the investigation. Overall, 11.78% and 1.83% improvement can be observed in Skin friction and Nusselt number for considering ZrO₂-MoS₂-MWCNTs-UO₂/Blood Casson tetra-hybrid nanofluid than normal blood fluid. Skin friction is improved by 4.90%, but the Nusselt number is reduced by 2.03% for the Casson fluid parameter. Lamina-typed nanoparticles admit minimum, sphere-typed nanoparticles admit maximum skin friction, whereas reverse effects are found in local Nusselt numbers. Hence, this study benefits medicine, specifically cancer treatment, tissue repair, and drug delivery systems.