Rapid non-destructive identification of blueberry origin based on near infrared spectroscopy combined with wavelength selection

Abstract

To realize the nondestructive identification of blueberry origin, near-infrared spectroscopy was used to obtain the original spectral data of blueberry. Given the problems of spectral bandwidth, severe overlap, and complicated information analysis in the collection of near-infrared spectral data, we integrated successive projection algorithm (SPA) and sparrow search algorithm (SSA) with partial least squares regression (PLS) and support vector machine (SVM), respectively, resulting in the construction of two wavelength selection (WS) models: SPA-PLS and SSA-SVM for WS from blueberry spectral data, 30 and 148 wavelength variables were selected respectively. To further enhance the accuracy of blueberry origin identification, we incorporated SSA into both Optimal Latin hypercube idea and Osprey algorithm, creating a multi-strategy hybrid sparrow search algorithm (ZOSSA). This approach reduced the number of selected wavelengths from 148 to 36. Using wavelengths selected from three different techniques as input subsets, a blueberry origin recognition model is constructed by placing them separately into a support vector machine. The experimental results prove that the performance of the wavelength-optimized model is higher than that of the full spectra performance, and the wavelength variables screened by ZOSSA have the best effect. The wavelength variables identified by ZOSSA exhibit superior performance with an accuracy rate of 96.21%, precision rate of 95.12 %, recall rate of 94.78 %, and F1 score of 94.94 % on the test set; surpassing those obtained using SPA (89.39 %, 87.43 %, 88.72 %, and 88.08 %) as well as SSA (90.15 %, 87.90 %, 88.16 %, and 88.02 %). The method strikes a balance between selecting an appropriate number of wavelengths while maintaining high model performance levels; thus meeting requirements for fast, accurate, nondestructive origin identification not only for blueberries but also providing novel insights for identifying origins in other agricultural products.