Fruit exosomes: a sustainable green cancer therapeutic

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles, particularly their subpopulation of exosomes, have emerged as a promising avenue for cell-free anti-cancer therapies in the current decade of exosomal research, opening a new chapter in cancer precision medicine. This paradigm shift towards plant-based exosomes holds significant implications for both therapeutic efficacy and sustainability. Plant-derived exosomes offer a non-toxic source for anti-cancer agents, addressing concerns about both patient well-being and the environmental impact of treatment production. This sustainable approach has the potential to make cancer precision therapy more affordable, scalable, and accessible, while simultaneously inspiring scientific minds to explore the vast potential of this “Green Therapy”. This article delves into the potential of fruit-based exosomes in cancer precision therapy, exploring their advantages, challenges, and future perspectives. We discuss the current understanding of fruit exosome biogenesis, leading and isolation techniques, cargo loading mechanisms, their interactions with recipient cellular targets and challenges associated with fruit-based exosomal research. Despite the challenges, the future of fruit-derived exosome-based cancer therapy appears promising. Continued research and interdisciplinary collaborations are crucial to fully unlock the therapeutic potential of fruit-derived exosome-based impactful natural cancer treatment.