GC/MS analysis & biological activities of mulberry leaf extract and formulation of instant freeze-dried functional beverages following encapsulation in protein-rich skim milk powder
{"title":"GC/MS analysis & biological activities of mulberry leaf extract and formulation of instant freeze-dried functional beverages following encapsulation in protein-rich skim milk powder","authors":"Madiha Masoodi, Mudasir Ahmad, Asir Gani, Iqra Qureshi and Kouser Parveen","doi":"10.1039/D4FB00203B","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study examines the volatile constituents and bioactive potential of mulberry leaf extract (MLE). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified key compounds such as gibberellic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, and 5,7-dihydroxy isoflavone (mefenamic acid). MLE was then encapsulated in skim milk powder, and enhanced with rose flavour and sea-buckthorn anthocyanins, to create an instant freeze-dried beverage. The powder was evaluated for physical, structural, and biological properties, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity activities under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed microcapsules with enclosed particles, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated phenolic compounds <em>via</em> increased –OH stretching in the 3000–3500 cm<small><sup>−1</sup></small> range. The beverage powder showed 75–81 mgQE per g phenolic content, 40–61% antidiabetic activity and 45–67% anti-obesity activity. Both bioactivity and consumer acceptability were increased with the addition of rose flavour and anthocyanins. This beverage powder could be considered a sustainable healthy food to manage the lifestyles of diabetic and obese groups of the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":101198,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Food Technology","volume":" 1","pages":" 311-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/fb/d4fb00203b?page=search","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sustainable Food Technology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2025/fb/d4fb00203b","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study examines the volatile constituents and bioactive potential of mulberry leaf extract (MLE). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified key compounds such as gibberellic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, and 5,7-dihydroxy isoflavone (mefenamic acid). MLE was then encapsulated in skim milk powder, and enhanced with rose flavour and sea-buckthorn anthocyanins, to create an instant freeze-dried beverage. The powder was evaluated for physical, structural, and biological properties, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity activities under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed microcapsules with enclosed particles, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated phenolic compounds via increased –OH stretching in the 3000–3500 cm−1 range. The beverage powder showed 75–81 mgQE per g phenolic content, 40–61% antidiabetic activity and 45–67% anti-obesity activity. Both bioactivity and consumer acceptability were increased with the addition of rose flavour and anthocyanins. This beverage powder could be considered a sustainable healthy food to manage the lifestyles of diabetic and obese groups of the population.